Comparative Study on Purposes and Structure of Occupational Diseases Information System in America, Finland, French and Iran

Background and Aim: Occupational diseases are certain types of diseases that have been caused by special jobs and subject to special circumstances. There are several factors that can intensify these diseases. Various countries have indicated that they have played an effective role in decreasing exposures and its economic costs and attracting optimal resources through establishment of a comprehensive information system for occupational diseases with a appropriate structure. Health improvement is considered as the first aim of the health system which requires a comprehensive, complete and integrated information system on occupational disease.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive Comparative study which was conducted in 2008 during which information systems in countries such as US, Finland, France and Iran have been studied based on their objectives and structures. Main instrument of this research was articles, books, magazines, valid internet sites in English language. Then, the gathered data were classified and analyzed. Results: All the three selected countries had an electronic information system and database in the field of occupational disease. In Finland, data of occupational diseases as well as their damages are kept in separate databases; while US lacks a comprehensive system. There are countless systems in these countries in this field. In France, supervision on laboratories is a priority. In Iran, there is no certain comprehensive system for registering diseases.Discussion and Conclusion: All of these countries have the same objectives. Structure of occupational diseases information system, in Finland, is more comprehensive. Iran lacks such a system, so it is recommended to make use of the experiences of other countries and establish electronic comprehensive disease system in this country

Prospective evaluation of incobotulinumtoxina in the management of the masseter using two different injection techniques

Background: IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin Cosmetic) has been used previously in the management of masseteric hypertrophy. However, a standardized injection technique has not been established. The goal of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two injection techniques in the management of masseteric hypertrophy using incobotulinumtoxinA. Methods: Thirty female patients with masseteric hypertrophy were recruited and evenly randomized to receive bilateral treatments of either a single-injection technique (SIT) or a multiinjection technique (MIT). Improvement of masseteric hypertrophy was assessed at week 16 using standardized measurements and photographs. Patients completed a 5-point satisfaction questionnaire while physicians completed the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) and 10-point photonumeric masseter prominence rating scale. Results: There were no significant differences in physician ratings on the photonumeric scale and GAIS between the SIT and MIT groups. Results of the standardized measurements also revealed no significant difference between injection techniques. Majority of patients at every visit reported being “satisfied” with treatment results. Clinically, the number and severity of adverse events were similar between groups. Conclusion: This study supports the noninferiority of both SIT and MIT with regard to efficacy and safety in the management of masseteric hypertrophy, using incobotulinumtoxinA. © 2018 Nikolis et al

Comparative study between behavioral patterns of sibling of children suffering from chronic diseases and healthy children

This research is a descriptive-analytical study conducted with the aim of examining and comparing adjusted behaviors of children (brothers and sisters) suffering from a chronic disease, referred to treatment centers with the siblings of the healthy children of the same age, in Tehran. The research sample was a group of 300 children along with a pair of parents. They were divided into groups of 150 siblings suffering from a chronic disease and 150 siblings who were healthy. For sample-taking of the children suffering from chronic disease parents of the children referring to hospitals or hospitalized in wards, who had the required qualifications were also studied through simple random selection. In order to select healthy children and their parents, the parents of the children referring to specified treatment centers for receiving medication and clinical treatment were selected as the control group, through the simple random sampling method. The basis of research comprised of a questionnaire comprising of two parts. The 1st part consisted of demographic particulars and the 2nd part constituted the form of questions put to the child's parents, whose form was prepared on the basis of the standardized child behavior checklist in accordance with Achen Bach's parents’ report. The form consisted of two parts: one concerning social merit (6 questions on activities, social relations and studying performance of the child); while the other related to behavioral problems of the child (102 questions in relation to social problems, anti-social behavior, aggressive behavior, difficulty in concentration, physical complaints, anxiety, depression, isolation disorder in thinking, sexual problems and miscellaneous matters). The results in relation to the research objectives point out that there is by p<0.001 and p< 0.005 and in a sensible manner, the behavioral problems of the siblings suffering from a chronic disease as compared with healthy siblings are more and their social merit is less