2-Amino­pyrimidinium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate

In the title compound, C4H6N3 +·H2O4P−·H2O, the pyrimidin­ium ring is essentially planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0016 Å. In the structure, pairs of symmetry-related anions are connected into centrosymmetric clusters via strong O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds forming six-membered rings with an R 2 2(6) motif. These clusters are inter­connected via water mol­ecules through OW—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, building an infinite layer parallel to the ab plane. Moreover, infinite chains of 2-amino­pyrimidinium cations spread along the a-axis direction. These chains are connected to the inorganic layer through N—H⋯O, C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which, together with electrostatic and van der Waals inter­actions, contribute to the cohesion and stability of the network in the crystal structure

Bis(oxonium) tetra­kis(o-toluidinium) cyclo­hexa­phosphate

In the title compound, 4C7H10N+·2H3O+·P6O18 6−, the complete cyclo­hexa­phosphate anion is generated by crystallographic inversion symmetry. In the crystal, the H3O+ ions and the [P6O18]6− anions are linked by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating infinite layers lying parallel to the ab plane at z = 1/2. These layers are inter­connected by the organic cations, which establish N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the [P6O18]6− anions

Bis(2,3-dimethyl­anilinium) dihydrogen­diphosphate

In the title compound, 2C8H12N+·H2P2O7 2−, the complete dihydrogendiphosphate anion is generated by crystallographic twofold symmetry, with the bridging O atom lying on the rotation axis [P—O—P = 135.50 (9)°]. In the crystal, the 2,3-xylidinium cations are anchored between ribbons formed by the H2P2O7 entities. Crystal cohesion and stability are supported by electrostatic inter­actions which, together with N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, build up a three-dimensional network

1-Phenyl­piperazine-1,4-diium bis­(hydrogen sulfate)

In the title compound, C10H16N2 2+·2HSO4 −, the S atoms adopt slightly distorted tetra­hedral geometry and the diprotonated piperazine ring adopts a chair conformation. In the crystal, the 1-phenyl­piperazine-1,4-diium cations are anchored between chains formed by the sulfate entities via inter­molecular bifurcated N—H⋯(O,O) and weak C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. These hydrogen bonds contribute to the cohesion and stability of the network of the crystal structure

Bis(2,3-dimethyl­anilinium) tetra­chlorido­zincate dihydrate

In the title compound, (C8H12N)2[ZnCl4]·2H2O, the Zn atom is coordinated by four Cl atoms in a tetra­hedral geometry. The water mol­ecules and the organic cations inter­act with the [ZnCl4]2− complex anions, building up a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network parallel to (100)

A bibliometric description of lignin applicability for the removal of chemical pollutants in effluents

Several industrial sectors produce tons of effluents daily containing a high amount of hazardous chemical pollutants that pose a major threat to the environment and human health. Current wastewater treatment methods, such as flocculation and activated carbon adsorption, have drawbacks linked to high material cost and too much energy consumption. Thus, the search for renewable, biodegradable, and efficient materials has been the object of research aimed at replacing the conventional materials used to cheapen processes and reduce environmental impacts. Lignin stands out in this context as it has low cost and high availability. Therefore, several scientific researches were developed to harness the potential of lignin, especially as adsorbent, for the removal of chemical agents from effluents. This paper presents a bibliometric review performed on the Scopus database, showing the evolution of studies related to the applicability of lignin in the removal of chemical pollutants in waters over the last five years. Data regarding annual publications, languages, journals, countries, institutions, keywords, and subjects were analyzed. The realized screening selected 130 articles that met the previously defined criteria. Results indicated a strong collaboration between countries and China's substantial contribution to the documents. The analysis also has shown that lignin is mainly used as adsorbent material, sorbent, flocculant agent, and hydrogel and presents important results and information for future researchers on this topic.The authors acknowledge financial assistance from the Brazilian research funding agencies such as CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel) under Finance Code 001, a Brazilian foundation within the Ministry of Education (MEC), CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development), a Brazilian foundation associated to the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT), and FAPITEC/SE (the Foundation of Support to Research and Technological Innovation of the State of Sergipe).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio