Keanekaragaman Hymenoptera Parasitoid Pada Sturuktur Lanskap Pertanian Berbeda Di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Cianjur, Jawa Barat

Diversity of Hymenoptera Parasitoid in Different Agricultural Landscape at Cianjur Watershed, West Java. Understanding how the landscape structure affect the interaction between crops, pests and their natural enemies is a complex problem that can significantly impact on the success or failur of insect biological control. Hymenoptera parasitoid are particularly important natural enemies because of their great diversity and effectiveness as agents of biological control. The objective of this research is to study the diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid in rice field at Cianjur Watershed. Insects were sampled using three trapping techniques (farmcop, insect net and yellow pan trap). Species accumulative curves, Jackknife-1 estimator, indices of diversity, indices of community similarities and cluster analysis were applied to analyze the data. Results indicated that there were 2750 speciment consist of 26 family and 325 species of Hymenoptera parasitoid in rice fields at Cianjur Watershed. Diversity of Hymenoptera parasitoid were found to be influenced by the landscape structure and seasone of ricefield. Species richness and diversity were higher in Nyalindung landscape than Gasol and Selajambe landscape

Struktur Komunitas Hymenoptera Parasitoid Pada Tumbuhan Liar Di Sekitar Pertanaman Padi Di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Cianjur, Jawa Barat

Hymenoptera Parasitoid Community Structure on Non-crops Vegetation Around Rice fields in Cianjur Watershed, West Java. Hymenoptera parasitoids have an important role in agroecosystem because of their ability in suppressing pest population. Their presence in the field is seen as the key to agricultural ecosystem. Their presence can be influenced by the availability of non-crop vegetation. Some adult Hymenoptera parasitoids require food in the form of pollen and nectar of wild flowers to ensure effective reproduction and longevity. The objective of this research was to study Hymenoptera parasitoid communities in non-crop vegetation around rice fields at Cianjur Watershed. Samplings were conducted at three different landscape, i.e. Nyalindung, Gasol and Selajambe West Java. Insects were sampled by two trapping techniques (farmcop and sweep net) in two lines of transect for each landscape. A total of 257 species from 25 families of Hymenoptera parasitoids were collected in non-crop vegetation at Cianjur Watershed. Landscape structure, flowering vegetation, and pesticide application affected the species richness, diversity and evenness of Hymenoptera parasitoid in non-crop vegetation

Komunitas Serangga Pada Tanaman Orok-Orok (Crotalaria Striata) Di Berbagai Habitat

To study insect community at orok-orok plantation (Crotalaria striata) from different habitat, we observed insects that interacted with Crotalaria plantation. There were four habitat type that used in this research, habitat open area and others were agroforestry habitat. We counted about nine ordo from insect that interacted with Crotalaria plant. More than 70% member of ordo, include to Hymenoptera, specially Formicidae. Not all function member of the ordo that known, but some of them are pollinator, parasitoid, predator and herbivore

Komunitas Lepidoptera Dan Parasitoidnya Pada Pertanaman Mentimun Di Bogor, Sukabumi Dan Cianjur, Jawa Barat

Lepidopteran community and its parasitoid on cucumber field in Bogor, Sukabumi and Cianjur District, West Java. Cucumber is one of horticultural commodities that are widely cultivated in Indonesia, but information related to Lepidoptera pests and their parasitoids are limited. The aim of this study was to obtain information about Lepidopteran community on cucumber and their parasitoid diversity. Lepidopteran larvae were collected from 16 cucumber sites in the District of Bogor, Sukabumi and Cianjur in November 2014 until May 2015. Larvae were collected from each cucumber plant follow along 60 m transects. Larvae were collected from the field then brought to the laboratory. All larvae were then reared on cucumber leaves until pupation and parasitoids emerged. The data obtained were tested by analysis of the mean and analysis of variance (One way ANOVA) using the program R Stat. The results showed that cucumber plants were attacked by six species (morphospecies) belonging to four families of Lepidoptera. Diaphania indica (Saunders) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is the most abundant species found. All species (morphospecies) of Lepidoptera are more common when the cucumber plants are in the generative growth stage. Our result further showed that D. indica was attacked by 9 parasitoid larvae and 3 parasitoid pupae, C. chalcites (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by 5 parasitoids dan S. litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by 2 parasitoids. A braconid, Apanteles taragamae, is the most common parasitoid of D. indica found in the field. Its parasitism rate can reach 27% in the field. Overall, this research revealed that a number of parasitoids, that were found attacking Lepidopteran on cucumber indicates their potential use as biological control agents in this agroecosystems

Gangguan Fisiologi Dan Biokimia Crocidolomia Pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) Akibat Perlakuan Ekstrak Campuran Tephrosia Vogelli Dan Piper Aduncum

Plant extracts have been known to cause physiological and biochemical interferences against insect, such as feeding inhibitor, food assimilation, and changes on activity of cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P450. This study was carried out to examine the effect of the extracts mixture of Tephrosia vogeliiand : Piper aduncum (1 : 5) on the physiology of Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) as well as extract of P. aduncum on biochemical of C. pavonana. The study showed that larvae of C. pavonana was experiencing a feeding inhibition until 94.82% after treated with extracts mixture on concentration 0.06% or equivalent to LC95. However, larvae treated with extracts mixture on LC25 and LC50 only experienced a relative growth disorders as a result of intrinsic toxicity of extracts mixture which enters into the body of insects. Insect adaptation to toxic plant compounds indicated by an increase in the digestibility of larvae approximately 11.11%. Furthermore, detoxification mechanism by larvae against active compounds of P. aduncum occured and shown by an increase of oxidative enzyme activity of cytochrome b5 and cytochrome P450, in in vivo and in vitro compared to control. This study provides an information about mode of action of extracts mixture of T. vogelii and P. aduncum (1 : 5) on larvae of C. pavonana and detoxification mechanism by larvae due to extract of P. aduncu

Penyusunan Metode Penentuan Indeks Kerawanan Wilayah Dan Pemetaan Wilayah Rentan Penyakit Demam Berdarah Di Indonesia

This research was aimed to develop method for determining regional vulnerability index of dengue fever disease and its zone in Indonesia particularly for regional district. The vulnerability index (IK) was developed by combining data on intensity, time series recorded data on the incidences for 3 years consecutively (m), and frequency of dengue\u27s incidences, light (Fr), medium (Fs) and heavy (Fb) incidence. Analysis on distribution of monthly IR showed that the IR\u27s values at probability of 25%, 75%, and 99% are 0.4, 2.8 and 30.1, respectively, where in monthly scale, the light incidence is within a range of 0<IR<0.4, the medium is of 0.4<IR<2.8; and the heavy is of IR>2.8. The slope coefficients of Fr, Fs, and Fb for calculating the IK was determined by averaging the IR\u27s values for the each incidence. The values of IK were mapped to develop the map of regional vulnerability index or called as Regional Vulnerability Index Zone. The map showed that the most vulnerable region covered big cities particularly those which lie on Java Island and clustered into cluster 3 and 2. Pattern and value of the monthly vulnerability index differ significantly for each cluster

Perkembangan Pradewasa Dan Kemampuan Hidup Predator Verania Lineata Thurnberg (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Pada Tanaman Padi Varietas Rojolele Transgenik

The use of transgenic varieties on the agricultural production system may provide some agronomical benefits. However, uses of transgenic variety have raised some debates about their potential negative impact on the environment, such as on the decreasing of natural enemies. To study the impact of transgenic variety to the natural enemies, study was conducted on larvae development, and the survival of predatoral insect (V. lineata) on the transgenic Rojolele rice variety. Test was conducted at the laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Biotechnology of Indonesian Institute of Science, from January to October 2009. Completely randomized design with 8 treatments and 30 replications were employed. The treatments were transgenic Rojolele rice as follow: 4.2.3-28-15-2-7 and 4.2.4-21-8-16-4 lines contained fusion of two cry genes (cryIB-cryIAa). The 3R9-8-28-26-2 and 3R7-8-15-2-7 lines contained mpi::cryIB gene, the T9-6.11-420 line contained cryIAb gene obtained by particle bombardment, DTcry (azygous) is a segregate and does not contain cry gene (null), DTcry-13 line contained cryIAb gene by Agrobacterium, and non transgenic rice (Rojolele variety). Results showed that there were differences of larvae development and survival of insect predator V. lineata fed on the among transgenic rice lines. On transgenic line T9-6.11-420 and on DTcry-13 line the life time, developmental stages, the number eclosion of adult female, adult insect weight, and survival of the preimaginal and the adult of insect predator were consistently low. On the transgenic line 4.2.3-28-15-2-7; 3R9-8-28-26-2; and 3R7-8-15-2-7 each had no consistent effect on the larvae development and the survival of insect predator. DTcry (azygous) line had no effect on the larvae development and the survival of insect predator. Whereas transgenic line 4.2.4-21-8-16-4 had an effect on the adult weight of insect predator