Effectiveness of carnosine on disturbed electrolytes homeostasis induced by cisplatin

We aimed to assess the effect of well known antioxidant carnosine on disturbed plasma and intraerythrocytes electrolytes and Na+-K+-ATPase activity by cisplatin. 24 male albino Wistar rats were selected and divided into 4 groups: Group I = untreated control; Group II = cisplatin control (received cisplatin at a dose of 3 mg/ kg body weight; i.p. for 13 alternate days); Group III = carnosine alone (treated group at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight; i.p. for 13 consecutive days); Group IV = carnosine + cisplatin pretreated group. Carnosine was administered 30 min prior to cisplatin. Carnosine significantly restored the intra – erythrocytes Na+, K+ and Na+-K+-ATPase level which consequently affect the plasma Na+, Ca++, and Mg++ level. Effective role conferred by carnosine exhibits its protective activity.Key words: Cisplatin, carnosine, electrolytes, Na+-K+-ATPase

Estimation of volatile organic compounds in farmed and wild rohu, Labeo rohita

Volatile organic compounds in farmed and wild rohu, Labeo rohita, were extracted by Likens-Nickerson concurrent distillation apparatus. The farmed raised rohu of two weight categories designated as FW1 (1001-1200g) and FW2 (501-700g) were procured from the Fish Seed Hatchery, Faisalabad. Concurrently, wild rohu of two weight categories designated as WW1 (1001-1200g) and WW2 (501-700g) were captured with gillnet from the Trimu Head. Quantitative and qualitative estimation was made by gas chromatography. In farmed and wild L. rohita of the weight group FW1 and WW1, 14 and 6 volatile compounds were extracted, respectively. In weight group FW1, six compounds were identified as 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-hexene-1-ol, heptanal, 3-octanol, decanal and 2-undecanone. In weight group WW1, out of six compounds three were identified as heptanal, 1-octen-3-ol, 2-nonanone. In weight categories FW2 and WW2, 14 and 13 volatile compounds were detected, respectively. In weight category FW2, out of 14 compounds, 3-hexene-1-ol, heptanal, 3-octanol, 2-undecanone and decanal were identified. In weight category WW2, out of 13 compounds, 7 were identified as 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-heptanone, heptanal, 3-octanol, 2-nonanone, decanal and 2-undecanone. The analysis of variance for retention time and concentration of volatile compounds showed no significant difference (p>0.05). The correlation coefficient between retention time and concentration was significant (p< 0.05)

Electron spin manipulation and resonator readout in a double quantum dot nano-electromechanical system

Magnetically coupling a nano-mechanical resonator to a double quantum dot confining two electrons can enable the manipulation of a single electron spin and the readout of the resonator's natural frequency. When the Larmor frequency matches the resonator frequency, the electron spin in one of the dots can be selectively flipped by the magnetised resonator. By simultaneously measuring the charge state of the two-electron double quantum dots, this transition can be detected thus enabling the natural frequency of the mechanical resonator to be determined.Comment: 7 pages, fixed typos, updated figures 4 and

Tunable backaction of a dc SQUID on an integrated micromechanical resonator

We have measured the backaction of a dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) position detector on an integrated 1 MHz flexural resonator. The frequency and quality factor of the micromechanical resonator can be tuned with bias current and applied magnetic flux. The backaction is caused by the Lorentz force due to the change in circulating current when the resonator displaces. The experimental features are reproduced by numerical calculations using the resistively and capacitively shunted junction (RCSJ) model.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Efectos inducidos por el hábitat sobre mutaciones y perfil de ácidos grasos en carpas mrigala que habitan en el fondo del río Chenab

Fish from the river Chenab were analyzed for DNA damage by the Comet and Micronucleus assays. The fatty acid profile was determined by gas chromatography using a Flame Ionization Detector. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry showed significant (p < 0.05) levels of contamination due to Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr, Sn and phenols in the fish habitat. The Comet assay revealed significant (p < 0.05) DNA damage in Cirrhinus mrigala of 37.29±2.51%, 34.96±2.53% and 38.80±2.42% in the comet tail, in the tail moment of 23.48±3.90, 19.78±4.26 and 14.30±1.82, in the olive moment of 16.22±2.04, 13.83±1.96 10.99±0.90, respectively, from three experimental sites. The micronucleus assay showed a high frequency of single micronucleus induction of 44.80±3.73, double induction of 06.20±0.97 and nuclear abnormalities of 09.60±1.72, as calculated in a thousand cells. C8:0, C12:0, C20:0, C16:1(n-7), C16:1(n-9), C20:1(n-9), C18:2(n-6), C18:4(n-3), C20:5(n-3), C22:4(n-6) fatty acids were found missing in the fish with a higher intensity of DNA damage but were found in optimal amounts both in farmed and wild fish from non polluted habitats. A highly significant (p < 0.01) correlation was also found in saturated, unsaturated fatty acids and DNA damage and habitat. The present study revealed that the habitat of even lower intensity pollutions not only induce DNA damage but also confiscate essential fatty acids of the omega series and reduce the amount of unsaturated fatty acids for which fish is preferred over other animals.Los daños en el ADN de los peces del río Chenab se analizaron mediante la técnica del “ensayo del cometa” y el ensayo de micronúcleos. El perfil de ácidos grasos se determinó mediante cromatografía de gases con detector de ionización de llama. La espectrofotometría de absorción atómica mostró diferencias significativas (p < 0.05) de los niveles de contaminación por Cd, Hg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cr, Sn y fenoles en el hábitat de los peces. El ensayo del cometa mostró daños significativos (p < 0,05) en el ADN de las carpas mrigala de tres sitios experimentales: 37,29±2,51%, 34,96±2,53 y 38,80±2,42% del ADN en la cola del cometa, momento de la cola con 23,48±3,90, 19,78±4,26 y 14,30±1,82% y cola media con 16,22±2,04, 13,83±1,96 10,99±0,90. Los ensayos de micronúcleos mostraron una alta frecuencia de inducción de micronúcleos como única 44,80±3,73, 06,20±0,97 y doble anomalías nucleares 09,60±1,72 calculados en miles de células. C8:0, C12:0, C20:0, C16:1(n-7), C16:1 (n-9), C20:1(n-9), C18:2(n-6), C18:4(n-3), C20:5(n-3) y C22:4(n-6) se mostraron como ácidos grasos que faltan en el pescado que tiene una mayor intensidad de daño en el ADN, aunque se encuentran en cantidades óptimas, tanto en los peces de piscifactoría como en los salvajes donde no hay hábitats contaminados. Se encontró una correlación altamente significativa (p < 0,01) también en ácidos saturados, ácidos grasos insaturados, daño del ADN y hábitat. El presente estudio reveló que la intensidad de la contaminación del hábitat aún en la más baja no sólo induce daño en el ADN, sino también en la composición de los ácidos grasos de la serie omega y de los ácidos grasos insaturados, para los que se prefiere ingerir pescado a otros animales

Noise based transmitted reference modulation for wireless sensor networks

Recent advances in the underlying technologies of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have led to its use in different applications, from fields as diverse as battlefield applications to temperature control to healthcare. Research in the different aspects of WSNs is therefore in full swing, in both academia and the industry. In the Wireless Ad-hoc Links using robust Noise-based Ultra-wideband Transmission (WALNUT) project, modulation concepts (and relevant MAC protocols) are intended to be explored which allow for robust ad-hoc radio links with radio nodes implemented on a single CMOS chip

Genetic Alterations of RET: Possible Implications and Clinical Correlations in Thyroid Carcinogenesis

Thyroid cancers are malignant tumors in the thyroid gland. DNA polymorphisms are playing a decisive role in unscrambling the genomic basis of tumor formation and development in cancer. Thyroid cancer is influenced in a polygenic and low-penetrance manner by RET gene polymorphisms and this part of the world (North India) has not recorded any study regarding RET alterations in this very cancer. We assessed RET G691S (rs1799939), L769L (rs1800861) and S904S (rs1800863) polymorphisms by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in order to explain their potential role in the diagnosis and prognosis of Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and follicular thyroid cancer (FTC). In RET G691S polymorphism, the total dissemination of variant alleles (GA + AA) was 62.9% in cases as related to 44.5% in controls (P < 0.05). RET L769L variant alleles (TG + GG) was 70% in cases versus 88% in controls (P < 0.05). In RET S904S, occurrence of variant alleles (CG + GG) was 56% in cases versus 44% in controls (P < 0.05). G691S and L769L polymorphism advocate a “Dominant mode of inheritance”. The S904S polymorphism approves an “Additive mode of inheritance”. In conclusion, there was an over-representation of RET G691S/S904S polymorphisms and under-representation of L769L polymorphism in PTC and FTC patients. Additionally, our data suggest that some haplotypes (A T G, G T G and A T C) of RET may act as low penetrance alleles for predisposition of thyroid cancer