CHALLENGING ARCHITECTURES: AN INTEGRATED AND MULTIPURPOSE SURVEY FOR THE COMPLETE MAPPING OF THE EMIR PALACE IN KOGON (UZBEKISTAN)

The documentation of Cultural Heritage, and in particular architecture, is nowadays conducted with a combination of several geomatic techniques. Most of them relies on the exploitation of 3D point cloud, which is the state of art data to produce almost every output. The starting point of each recovery intervention is the survey, which enable a multidisciplinary approach for the knowledge of a building and, consequently, to preserve it for future generation. When it comes with complex architectures, however, the surveying approach is more compelling and challenging at the same time. The definition of the final accuracy requires a tidy design process that should be done a priori, and a set of strict rules need to be respected. With the advent of new automatic procedures, the number of data collected increases, but this doesn’t mean that well established method, like topography, can be neglected. This work is the demonstration of how old and new method must coexist. The present work describes the work carried out to the complete 3D reconstruction of a complex building, namely the Emir’s Palace place in Kogon, Uzbekistan. Given its dimension and decorative apparatus, maintaining a high standard of definition without losing metrological accuracy was the main challenge. The work was carried out with a combination of both Terrestrial Laser Scanner and Aerial Photogrammetry for the 3D reconstruction, and on a very accurate topographic network for the combination of produced point clouds. The result of this first phase of the work was a polygonal network with a millimetric accuracy. Besides, another important contribution of the paper lies on the exploitation of the panoramic images coming from the TLS within a photogrammetric software. Indeed, by exploiting the depth map, it was possible to produce very detailed orthophotos for the production of 1:10 scale drawings. The work, performed in a joint venture between Academia and SMEs, is an excellent example (useful to be shared within the research community dealing with 3D representation and optimization) of innovative methodologies developed to produce reliable drawings and 3D representation for different purposes, being the starting point for each kind of project

Possibilities of echocardiographic screening in athletes. Part 1. Normal values

Objective: assess the suitability of existing domestic and international recommendations for the use of echocardiography as a screening method for examining athletes; to select standards that characterize the heart in different sports, based on their own research.Materials and methods: a meta‑analysis of 38 domestic and foreign literature sources based on the results of an echocardiographic examination of athletes was carried out. The indicators of 2647 male athletes aged 16 to 45 years old, playing for the national teams of the city of Moscow and having passed an in‑depth medical examination at the Sports Medicine Clinic, were studied.Results: heart sizes in athletes differ slightly from population indicators, however, in 14–45% of cases they go beyond the reference values. In the absence of heart disease, the largest dimensions of the left ventricle (LV) are observed in endurance exercisers. At the same time, high functionality correlates with increased LV volume indexed by BCA (for EDV/BSA and VO2 AT r = 0.52, p < 0.05).Conclusion: echocardiographic screening of athletes allows obtaining sufficient information to identify congenital or pathology that has arisen during excessive training loads. As standards, it is advisable to use population indicators expressed in centile values

Possibilities of echocardiographic screening in athletes. Part 2. Structural changes of the heart

Objective: to assess the suitability of existing domestic and international recommendations and standards for the use of echocardiography as a screening technique for examining athletes with various diseases.Materials and methods: a meta‑analysis of 59 domestic and foreign literature sources based on the results of an echocardiographic examination of athletes was carried out. The indicators of 2647 male athletes aged 16 to 45 years old, playing for the national teams of the city of Moscow and having passed an in‑depth medical examination at the Sports Medicine Clinic, were studied.Results: screening echocardiography sufficiently reveals structural deviations of the heart of athletes from population norms, including congenital or acquired pathologies that cause both sudden death and general morbidity compared with a healthy population.Conclusion: in order to speed up and reduce the cost of the examination of athletes, it is appropriate to use the primary screening, and if necessary, an in‑depth examination. In this case, it is advisable to distinguish three diagnostic stages that determine the danger or admissibility of playing sports: (A) — the risk of developing complications, (B) — the presence of structural changes in the heart, and (C) — the appearance of clinical symptoms

Improvement of the liquid-jet sulfitators construction to increase the efficiency of sulfitation treatment of sugar production liquids

The article discusses and analyzes the construction of liquid-jet sulfitators used in the beet sugar industry. The importance of sulfitation treatment in the sugar beet processing and raw cane sugar technology is noted and the main advantages of its use at various technological stages are given, namely, preparation of extractant used for diffusion sucrose extraction out of beet cossettes, thin juice processing, thick juice with B- and C-remelts processing, as well as raw cane sugar remelt processing. The advantages and disadvantages of liquid-jet sulfitators in comparison with other constructions are noted and criteria for their improvement are given. It has been noted that the created ejection, which sucks in the sulphitation gas into the contacting chamber, and the fact that the absorption of sulfur dioxide occurs on a larger surface than in other types of structures the main advantages of liquid-jet sulphitators. The main disadvantages are the short length of the contacting chamber, which is insufficient for ensuring complete absorption of sulfur dioxide, as well as instability of the generated ejection when the productivity changes. This determines the criteria given in the article for the improvement of liquid-jet sulfitators. The description of the developed construction of the sulphitator centrifugal-jet nozzle of sugar production liquids is given, which provides: the stability of the sulphitation gas supply in a wide range of plant productivity; stability of the hydroaerodynamic regime of the system «treated liquid – sulphitation gas» inside the sulphitator; sufficient contact time for complete dissolution in the treated liquid of the sulfur anhydride contained in the sulphitation gas. The advantages of the developed centrifugal-jet sulfitators in comparison with typical liquid-jet sulfitators are noted: ensuring the operation range of 50-120% of the nominal capacity (plant production capacity); significant reduction in the technical sulfur consumption for the sulphur anhydride production, which is used as a reagent for the sulfitation treatment of liquids in beet sugar processing; reduction of harmful emissions into the atmosphere due to 100 % sulfur anhydride dissolution in the treated liquid

DOCUMENTATION FOR ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION OF BUILT CULTURAL HERITAGE IN CENTRAL ASIA: THE ERAMCA PROJECT

The ERASMUS+ initiative funded, in 2019, a Capacity Building project named ERAMCA (Environmental Risk Assessment and Mitigation in Central Asia) to build up a study plan at the Master of Science level (120 ECTS in 2 academic years) open to Architects, Civil, Building, and Environmental Engineers to build-up a new generation of professionals able to work in a team with different specialities to document Cultural Heritage assets by considering environmental risks. These new professionals will be able to set up the helpful basic knowledge to plan future actions of preservation and enhancement by following the most recent development in the restoration field at the international level.The ERAMCA project started with a survey of the basic knowledge of architects and engineers in Uzbekistan and Tajikistan on the documentation of natural and anthropic risks.By considering the common knowledge, the Partners of the ERAMCA project (3 European Universities from Italy, Germany, and Croatia and 4 Universities from Uzbekistan and Tajikistan) realised a study plan by concentrating the teaching activity on the following disciplines: Geomatics, Restoration, Structure and Seismic Engineering, Hydrogeology and Geotechnics.ERAMCA project is in its last year of activity, and the final results can be presented and discussed among the Cultural Heritage Documentation community to offer possible suggestions for future actions to diffuse documentation strategies.</p

THE RESEARCH OF THE COMPOSITION OF SAFFLOWER SEED OIL OBTAINED BY METHOD OF COLD PRESSING

Safflower - oil crops, the seeds contain 25-37 % provisious oil and 12% protein. The object of the research used seeds of safflower varieties Iris. Studies of the fatty acid composition of safflower oil obtained by method cold pressing. It established that omega-6 fatty acids predominate in safflower oil.It is established that in safflower oil fatty acids of 18 and 16 groups prevail, the content of other fatty acids in the sum makes 1,2 %In the test sample there is a predominance of omega-6 fatty acids (concentration of 80 % linoleic and γ-linolenic fatty acids). The article presents the research of fatty acid composition of safflower oil obtained by method cold pressing. It established that in safflower oil fatty acids of 18 and 16 groups prevail, the content of other fatty acids in the sum makes 1,2 %. In the studied sample there is a predominance of omega-6 fatty acids (concentration of 80 % linoleic and γ-linolenic fatty acids). Also defined physic-chemical characteristics of safflower oil: the acid number AN = 1, 07 mg KOH/g, peroxide number PN = 8, 09 mmol/кгО2, anisidin number AN = 3,25. Humidity safflower oil 0,03 %. The obtained values for the qualitative characteristics indicate the advantages of using this type of oil: directly for food, as well as for the production of oilseeds, such as mayonnaise, sauces, spreads; as biofuel; when designing and optimizing the recipe-tour of animal feed

Impact of Space Weather on Climate and Habitability of Terrestrial Type Exoplanets

The current progress in the detection of terrestrial type exoplanets has opened a new avenue in the characterization of exoplanetary atmospheres and in the search for biosignatures of life with the upcoming ground-based and space missions. To specify the conditions favorable for the origin, development and sustainment of life as we know it in other worlds, we need to understand the nature of astrospheric, atmospheric and surface environments of exoplanets in habitable zones around G-K-M dwarfs including our young Sun. Global environment is formed by propagated disturbances from the planet-hosting stars in the form of stellar flares, coronal mass ejections, energetic particles, and winds collectively known as astrospheric space weather. Its characterization will help in understanding how an exoplanetary ecosystem interacts with its host star, as well as in the specification of the physical, chemical and biochemical conditions that can create favorable and/or detrimental conditions for planetary climate and habitability along with evolution of planetary internal dynamics over geological timescales. A key linkage of (astro) physical, chemical, and geological processes can only be understood in the framework of interdisciplinary studies with the incorporation of progress in heliophysics, astrophysics, planetary and Earth sciences. The assessment of the impacts of host stars on the climate and habitability of terrestrial (exo)planets will significantly expand the current definition of the habitable zone to the biogenic zone and provide new observational strategies for searching for signatures of life. The major goal of this paper is to describe and discuss the current status and recent progress in this interdisciplinary field and to provide a new roadmap for the future development of the emerging field of exoplanetary science and astrobiology.Comment: 206 pages, 24 figures, 1 table; Review paper. International Journal of Astrobiology (2019

Quantum-inspired optimization for wavelength assignment

Problems related to wavelength assignment (WA) in optical communications networks involve allocating transmission wavelengths for known transmission paths between nodes that minimize a certain objective function, for example, the total number of wavelengths. Playing a central role in modern telecommunications, this problem belongs to NP-complete class for a general case so that obtaining optimal solutions for industry-relevant cases is exponentially hard. In this work, we propose and develop a quantum-inspired algorithm for solving the wavelength assignment problem. We propose an advanced embedding procedure to transform this problem into the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) form, having a improvement in the number of iterations with price-to-pay being a slight increase in the number of variables (“spins”). Then, we compare a quantum-inspired technique for solving the corresponding QUBO form against classical heuristic and industrial combinatorial solvers. The obtained numerical results indicate on an advantage of the quantum-inspired approach in a substantial number of test cases against the industrial combinatorial solver that works in the standard setting. Our results pave the way to the use of quantum-inspired algorithms for practical problems in telecommunications and open a perspective for further analysis of the use of quantum computing devices

Эффекты сопряжения при окислении этана в условиях реакции окислительной конденсации

Ethane conversion under the conditions of oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) has been investigated. In an empty reactor above 800°C, ethane oxidation occurs at a higher rate, and its main product is carbon monoxide. In the presence of NaWMn/SiO2 catalyst the rate of ethane oxidation noticeably decreases, and ethylene becomes the main product of the reaction. Thus, it is demonstrated that the catalyst, on one hand, is an effective inhibitor of unselective gas phase oxidation processes, and on the other hand, it substantially changes the hydrocarbon conversion routes. The complex kinetic conjugation during ethane oxidation in the presence of an excess of methane in the reaction mixture is observed. In the case of homogeneous ethane oxidation, methane acts as the gas-phase oxidation inhibitor, presumably by reducing chain reactions contribution to the overall reaction rate. On the contrary, during the oxidation of a methane-ethane mixture over NaWMn/SiO2 catalyst, a strong mutual effect of the hydrocarbon components on the rate and direction of their transformation is observed.Исследованы закономерности окисления этана в условиях окислительной конденсации метана (ОКМ). При типичных температурах ОКМ (&gt;800°С) в пустом реакторе протекает гомогенное окисление этана, в основном до монооксида углерода. В присутствии катализатора NaWMn/SiO2 скорость превращения этана значительно снижается, а основным продуктом становится этилен. Таким образом, катализатор, являясь эффективным ингибитором газофазных процессов неселективного окисления, одновременно меняет маршруты превращения углеводородов. Показано наличие сложного кинетического сопряжения при совместном окислении метана и этана

Magnetic Field Line Random Walk and Solar Energetic Particle Path Lengths: Stochastic Theory and PSP/ISoIS Observation

Context:In 2020 May-June, six solar energetic ion events were observed by the Parker Solar Probe/ISoIS instrument suite at 0.35 AU from the Sun. From standard velocity-dispersion analysis, the apparent ion path length is 0.625 AU at the onset of each event. Aims:We develop a formalism for estimating the path length of random-walking magnetic field lines, to explain why the apparent ion pathlength at event onset greatly exceeds the radial distance from the Sun for these events. Methods:We developed analytical estimates of the average increase in pathlength of random-walking magnetic field lines, relative to the unperturbed mean field. Monte Carlo simulations of fieldline and particle trajectories in a model of solar wind turbulence are used to validate the formalism and study the path lengths of particle guiding-center and full-orbital trajectories. The formalism is implemented in a global solar wind model, and results are compared with ion pathlengths inferred from ISoIS observations. Results:Both a simple estimate and a rigorous theoretical formulation are obtained for fieldlines' pathlength increase as a function of pathlength along the large-scale field. From simulated fieldline and particle trajectories, we find that particle guiding centers can have pathlengths somewhat shorter than the average fieldline pathlength, while particle orbits can have substantially larger pathlengths due to their gyromotion with a nonzero effective pitch angle. Conclusions:The long apparent path length during these solar energetic ion events can be explained by 1) a magnetic field line path length increase due to the field line random walk, and 2) particle transport about the guiding center with a nonzero effective pitch angle. Our formalism for computing the magnetic field line path length, accounting for turbulent fluctuations, may be useful for application to solar particle transport in general