Diet and food strategies in a southern al-Andalusian urban environment during Caliphal period, ecija, Sevilla

The Iberian medieval period is unique in European history due to the widespread socio-cultural changes that took place after the arrival of Arabs, Berbers and Islam in 711 AD. Recently, isotopic research has been insightful on dietary shifts, status, resource availability and the impact of environment. However, there is no published isotopic research exploring these factors in southern Iberian populations, and as the history of this area differs to the northern regions, this leaves a significant lacuna in our knowledge. This research fills this gap via isotopic analysis of human (n = 66) and faunal (n = 13) samples from the 9th to the 13th century Écija, a town renowned for high temperatures and salinity. Stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotopes were assessed from rib collagen, while carbon (δ13C) values were derived from enamel apatite. Human diet is consistent with C3 plant consumption with a very minor contribution of C4 plants, an interesting feature considering the suitability of Écija to C4 cereal production. δ15N values vary among adults, which may suggest variable animal protein consumption or isotopic variation within animal species due to differences in foddering. Consideration of δ13C collagen and apatite values together may indicate sugarcane consumption, while moderate δ15N values do not suggest a strong aridity or salinity effect. Comparison with other Iberian groups shows similarities relating to time and location rather than by religion, although more multi-isotopic studies combined with zooarchaeology and botany may reveal subtle differences unobservable in carbon and nitrogen collagen studies alone.OLC is funded by Plan Galego I2C mod.B (ED481D 2017/014). The research was partially funded by the projects “Galician Paleodiet” and by Consiliencia network (ED 431D2017/08) Xunta de GaliciaS

Pemilihan Fixed Head atau Free Head dalam Desain Fundasi Tangki Reaktor Kap. 2000 M3 Pilot Plant Biogas Pome Setara 700 Kw di PTPN V Riau

Kebutuhan energi terbarukan di Indonesia sangatlah penting, saat ini sumber energi terbarukan porsinya relatif kecil. BPPT ( Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi) dalam kegiatannya melakukan pembangunan pilot plant Biogas Pome setara 700 kW berkerjasama dengan PTPN V (PT. Perkebunan Nusantara V) dengan sistim tangki berpengaduk secara kontinu yang mana hasil gas tersebut dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan bakar boiler pabrik PMKS di sei pagar. Metode pemilihan pondasi tangki reaktor dengan kapasitas 2000m3, kami melakukan perbandingan perhitungan antara menggunakan free head atau fix head dengan memakai diameter 50cm dan 60cm dengan melihat banyaknya jumlah, diameter pile dan ketebalan mat yang digunakan. Diameter rencana tangki reactor direncanakan berukuran 16.8m dengan ketinggian 9m, dengan beban tangki sekitar 2174.2ton dan berdasarkan data dari soil test didapat nilai N-SPT di kedalaman 10-15m, untuk itu kami merumuskan bahwa fundasi pile yang kita pilih. Perbandingan fix and free head pada pile ukuran 50cm dimana perbedaan fix and free head 44 berbanding 65, dengan ketebalan mat foundation 1.1m berbanding 0.6m sedangkan dengan mengunakan diameter 60cm jumlah pile 32 berbanding 50 dengan ketebalan mat 1.3m berbanding 0.6m. Dari analisa tersebut dengan memperhatikan kekuatan dan keekonomisan maka dipilih pile dengan diameter 50cm dengan mengunakan free head

Stakeholders' perceptions of the impacts of invasive exotic plant species in the Mediterranean region

© Springer 2006Invasive species pose an increasing environmental problem across the globe, but to date socio-economic perspectives on this problem have been limited. In this study stakeholder perceptions of the impacts of invasive exotic plant species on the islands of Mallorca, Sardinia and Crete are examined through the use of semi-structured interviews, Likert scales and Contingent Valuation. Results showed substantial concerns about the impact of invasive exotic plant species on the islands, particularly on Mallorca where awareness of the issue has increased in recent times due to campaigns to eradicate terrestrial and aquatic invasive plants. Not all perceptions are negative and several respondents suggest that a turnover in local species is an inherent part of the sense of the place in the region. If the management of invasive exotic plant species in the Mediterranean region is to improve then there is a need to raise awareness of the impact of invasive species amongst both the general public and professional stakeholders.Douglas Bardsley and Gareth Edwards-Jone