HERD SYMPTOMS OF COWS IN SSPD «KOMARNIVSKYY» GORODOK DISTRICT LVIV REGION

У статті представлені результати клінічного статусу корів української чорно-рябої породи. Вивчено загальну синдроматику стада і встановлено мікроелементну і вітамінну недостатність, які проявлялися патологічними змінами шкіри і волосяного покриву, енофтальмом, мікседемою, блідістю видимих слизових оболонок, гіпотонією передшлунків, змінами частоти пульсу і тонів серця та частоти дихання, гепатомегалією, змінами кістково-опірного апарату. Результатами лабораторного дослідження встановлено олігоцитемію, олігохромемію, гіпопротеїнемію, гіперферментемією, гіпербілірубінемію, гіпоглікемією, гіпокальціємію та гіпофосфатемію.В статье представлены результаты клинического статуса коров украинской черно-пестрой породы. Изучено общую синдроматику стада и установлено микроэлементную и витаминную недостаточность, которые проявлялись патологическими изменениями кожи и волосяного покрова, энофтальмом, микседемой, бледностью видимых слизистых оболочек, гипотонией преджелудков, изменениями частоты пульса и тонов сердца и частоты дыхания, гепатомегалией, изменениями костно-опорного аппарата. Результатам лабораторного исследования установлено олигоцитемию, олигохромемию, гипопротеинемию, гиперферментемию, гипербилирубинемию, гипогликемию, гипокальциемию и гипофосфатемию.The results of the clinical status of cows ukrainian black and white breed. Studied general symptoms herd and installed and trace element vitamin deficiency, which manifested pathological changes of the skin and hair, enoftalm, myxedema, pallor visible mucous membranes, hypotension proventriculus, changes in heart rate and heart tones and respiratory rate, hepatomegaly, changes in bone-carts apparatus. The results of laboratory studies found oligocytemia,oligochromemia, hypoproteinemia, hyperenzymemia, hyperbilirubinemia, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia

Methodological approaches to teaching chemical disciplines in pharmaceutical education

The article analyzes methodological approaches to teaching chemical disciplines in pharmaceutical education and shows the advantages of each of them in the formation of professional competence of future pharmacists. It is noted that the systematic approach makes it possible to clearly define the priority areas of teaching, to structure learning tasks. The activity approach is implemented both during laboratory work, during which research skills are worked out, and during the solution of professionally directed tasks. The integrative approach contributes to the creation of internal motivation of applicants for education and personal professional development. The personality-oriented approach is implemented through the use of professionally-oriented tasks of different levels of complexity, the solution of which models the situations that applicants for professional higher education will face in real professional activity. The competence approach combines the educational process and its understanding, during which the personal position of the future pharmaceutical worker is formed, his attitude to the subject of activity is formed. The technological approach characterizes the orientation in teaching chemistry to optimize, intensify, improve, and increase the effectiveness of training

Green space and planning structure optimisation ways in parks and monuments of landscape architecture

Renovation of urban space is not possible without new approaches to the formation of green spaces of the landscape gardening heritage. In restoring parks-monuments of landscape art, simultaneous consideration of ecological and biological foundations, preservation of the historical structure of plantations and landscape planning framework, as well as meeting the modern needs of users of these spaces is an important issue. The research aims to formulate practical recommendations on the main ways to optimise the planning structure and green spaces, as well as means of protecting biodiversity in parks and monuments of landscape art. The study used general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, field research) and special methods (dendrological, cartographic, historical, and architectural analysis, and computer methods for processing graphic data). During the pre-project stage of the study, the prerequisites for the formation of Zhovtnevyi Park in the structure of the Chernivtsi landscape were identified. A list and description of typical plant species typical for the area were provided. In addition, the pre-project study analysed conflicts in the park, which were divided into the following main groups: transport and pedestrian, functional, natural, anthropogenic, and visual. The interconnection of different types of conflicts and their impact on the conservation of biodiversity of green spaces in the park was revealed. As a result, new elements of the planning structure have been formed that improve the landscape-spatial organisation of the park's territory and contribute to the optimisation of green spaces. The project developed and analysed in this study has selected an assortment of plants that enrich the biodiversity of park plantings and can be used in the design of other urban parks. The example of the project for the maintenance and reconstruction of Zhovtnevyi Park in Chernivtsi demonstrates practical planning approaches and recommendations aimed at maximising the preservation of the natural landscape and enhancing its functional and artistic feature

Neddylation promotes ubiquitylation and release of Ku from DNA-damage sites.

The activities of many DNA-repair proteins are controlled through reversible covalent modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like molecules. Nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) is the predominant DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway in mammalian cells and is initiated by DSB ends being recognized by the Ku70/Ku80 (Ku) heterodimer. By using MLN4924, an anti-cancer drug in clinical trials that specifically inhibits conjugation of the ubiquitin-like protein, NEDD8, to target proteins, we demonstrate that NEDD8 accumulation at DNA-damage sites is a highly dynamic process. In addition, we show that depleting cells of the NEDD8 E2-conjugating enzyme, UBE2M, yields ionizing radiation hypersensitivity and reduced cell survival following NHEJ. Finally, we demonstrate that neddylation promotes Ku ubiquitylation after DNA damage and release of Ku and Ku-associated proteins from damage sites following repair. These studies provide insights into how the NHEJ core complex dissociates from repair sites and highlight its importance for cell survival following DSB induction.We thank Thimo Kurz (University of Dundee, UK) for providing MLN4924 and Kate Dry, Rimma Berlotserkovskaya (S.P.J.’s laboratory), and Eric Lightcap (Takeda Pharmaceuticals) for critical reading of the manuscript. We thank Sylvie Urbe and Michael Clague (University of Liverpool, UK) for providing the GFP-CSN5 plasmid, the Division of Signal Transduction Therapy (University of Dundee, UK) for providing UBE2M and UBE2F plasmids, Matthew Petroski (Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, US) for providing FLAG-UBA3 wild-type (WT) and FLAG-UBA3-A171T constructs, and Nico Dantuma (Karolinska Institute, Sweden) and Changshun Shao (Rutgers University) for providing CUL4A and CUL4B plasmids, respectively. We also thank Nicola Lawrence, Alex Sossick, and Richard Butler (Gurdon Institute, Cambridge, UK) for help with microscopy, Volocity, and Fiji. Research in the S.P.J.’s laboratory is funded by Cancer Research UK programme grant C6/A11224, the European Research Council, and the European Community Seventh Framework Programme grant agreement no. HEALTH-F2-2010-259893 (DDResponse). Core funding is provided by CRUK (C6946/A14492) and the Wellcome Trust (WT092096). S.P.J. receives his salary from the University of Cambridge, UK, supplemented by CRUK. N.L. is funded by CRUK programme grant C6/A11224, J.S.B. is funded by a Wellcome Trust Clinical Fellowship (WT083416), and Y.G. and M.S.-C. are funded by European Research Council grant DDREAM. S.B. was funded by an EMBO long-term fellowship ALTF 93-2010, Cancer Research UK, and a post-doctoral grant from Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer. P.B. is supported by the Emmy Noether Programme of the German Research Foundation (DFG, BE 5342/1-1).This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124715003496

Порівняльна ефективність різних способів лікування телят за абомазоентериту

The article presents the results of the comparative effectivness of different treatment regimens of calves with abomazoenteritis. Three groups of black-and-white-breed calves of the age of 1–1.5 months were formed for 5 animals in each of the 1st and 2nd experimental (patients with abomazoenteritis) and control – clinically healthy animals. Treatment of sick calves in experimental groups was performed using diet therapy, antimicrobial and rehydration therapy. Animals of the second experimental group, in addition, used detoxification means and Sel-Plex. It was found that calving treatment with the use of diet, antimicrobial, detoxication, rehydration therapy helped to eliminate the main clinical symptoms of the disease. Positive changes were established during laboratory blood tests: the number of red blood cells, leukocytes, hemoglobin, total protein and hematocrit was normalized. In animals with abomazoenteritis, during treatment decreased the activity of transaminases decreased, the content of TBA-active products and medium-weight molecules. The treatment was effective and contributed to a reduction in the duration of their clinical recovery, but the normalization of biochemical parameters was more pronounced in animals of the second experimental group. Application together with antimicrobial and rehydration means of Sel-Plex and detoxification drugs accelerated the restoration of basic biochemical parameters (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, TBK-active products and medium-weight molecules) to normal, and therefore reduced the metabolic intoxication of the animals organism.У статті наведені результати порівняльної ефективності різних схем лікування телят, хворих на абомазоентерит. Дослідження проводилися на телятах чорно-рябої породи віком 1–1,5 місяця. Було сформовано 2 – дві дослідні (хворі на абомазоентерит) і контрольна (клінічно здорові) групи по 5 тварини у кожній. Лікування хворих телят дослідних груп проводили з застосуванням дієтотерапії, антимікробної та регідратаційної терапії. Тваринам другої дослідної групи, окрім того, застосовували дезінтокаційні засоби та селеновмісний препарат Сел-Плкс. Встановлено, що проведене лікування телят з використанням дієти, антимікробних, антититоксичних, регідратаційних засобів сприяло усуненню основних клінічних симптомів хвороби. Позитивні зміни встановлені при лабораторному дослідженні крові: нормалізувалася кількість еритроцитів, лейкоцитів, вміст гемоглобіну, загального протеїну та гематокритна величина. У хворих тварин в процесі лікування знижувалася активність трансаміназ, зменшувався вміст ТБК-активних продуктів і молекул середньої маси. Застосоване лікування було ефективним і сприяло скороченню терміну їхнього клінічного одужання, проте нормалізація біохімічних показників (аспартатамінотрансферази, аланінамінотрансферази, ТБК-активних продуктів та молекул середньої маси) була більш виражена у тварин другої дослідної групи. Отже, застосування поряд з антимікробними та регідратаційними засобами імуностимулюючих та дезінтокаційних препаратів прискорило відновлення основних біохімічних показників до норми, а отже і зменшувало метаболічну інтоксикацію організму тварин

SUMO Pathway Dependent Recruitment of Cellular Repressors to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genomes

Components of promyelocytic leukaemia (PML) nuclear bodies (ND10) are recruited to sites associated with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genomes soon after they enter the nucleus. This cellular response is linked to intrinsic antiviral resistance and is counteracted by viral regulatory protein ICP0. We report that the SUMO interaction motifs of PML, Sp100 and hDaxx are required for recruitment of these repressive proteins to HSV-1 induced foci, which also contain SUMO conjugates and PIAS2β, a SUMO E3 ligase. SUMO modification of PML and elements of its tripartite motif (TRIM) are also required for recruitment in cells lacking endogenous PML. Mutants of PML isoform I and hDaxx that are not recruited to virus induced foci are unable to reproduce the repression of ICP0 null mutant HSV-1 infection mediated by their wild type counterparts. We conclude that recruitment of ND10 components to sites associated with HSV-1 genomes reflects a cellular defence against invading pathogen DNA that is regulated through the SUMO modification pathway

DNAJA1 controls the fate of misfolded mutant p53 through the mevalonate pathway

Stabilization of mutant p53 (mutp53) in tumours greatly contributes to malignant progression. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms and therapeutic approaches to destabilize mutp53. Here, through high-throughput screening we identify statins, cholesterol-lowering drugs, as degradation inducers for conformational or misfolded p53 mutants with minimal effects on wild-type p53 (wtp53) and DNA contact mutants. Statins preferentially suppress mutp53-expressing cancer cell growth. Specific reduction of mevalonate-5-phosphate by statins or mevalonate kinase knockdown induces CHIP ubiquitin ligase-mediated nuclear export, ubiquitylation, and degradation of mutp53 by impairing interaction of mutp53 with DNAJA1, a Hsp40 family member. Knockdown of DNAJA1 also induces CHIP-mediated mutp53 degradation, while its overexpression antagonizes statin-induced mutp53 degradation. Our study reveals that DNAJA1 controls the fate of misfolded mutp53, provides insights into potential strategies to deplete mutp53 through the mevalonate pathway–DNAJA1 axis, and highlights the significance of p53 status in impacting statins’ efficacy on cancer therapy

Spiral attractor created by vector solitons

Mode-locked lasers emitting a train of femtosecond pulses called dissipative solitons are an enabling technology for metrology, high-resolution spectroscopy, fibre optic communications, nano-optics and many other fields of science and applications. Recently, the vector nature of dissipative solitons has been exploited to demonstrate mode locked lasing with both locked and rapidly evolving states of polarisation. Here, for an erbium-doped fibre laser mode locked with carbon nanotubes, we demonstrate the first experimental and theoretical evidence of a new class of slowly evolving vector solitons characterized by a double-scroll chaotic polarisation attractor substantially different from Lorenz, Rössler and Ikeda strange attractors. The underlying physics comprises a long time scale coherent coupling of two polarisation modes. The observed phenomena, apart from the fundamental interest, provide a base for advances in secure communications, trapping and manipulation of atoms and nanoparticles, control of magnetisation in data storage devices and many other areas

EBV Tegument Protein BNRF1 Disrupts DAXX-ATRX to Activate Viral Early Gene Transcription

Productive infection by herpesviruses involve the disabling of host-cell intrinsic defenses by viral encoded tegument proteins. Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) typically establishes a non-productive, latent infection and it remains unclear how it confronts the host-cell intrinsic defenses that restrict viral gene expression. Here, we show that the EBV major tegument protein BNRF1 targets host-cell intrinsic defense proteins and promotes viral early gene activation. Specifically, we demonstrate that BNRF1 interacts with the host nuclear protein Daxx at PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) and disrupts the formation of the Daxx-ATRX chromatin remodeling complex. We mapped the Daxx interaction domain on BNRF1, and show that this domain is important for supporting EBV primary infection. Through reverse transcription PCR and infection assays, we show that BNRF1 supports viral gene expression upon early infection, and that this function is dependent on the Daxx-interaction domain. Lastly, we show that knockdown of Daxx and ATRX induces reactivation of EBV from latently infected lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), suggesting that Daxx and ATRX play a role in the regulation of viral chromatin. Taken together, our data demonstrate an important role of BNRF1 in supporting EBV early infection by interacting with Daxx and ATRX; and suggest that tegument disruption of PML-NB-associated antiviral resistances is a universal requirement for herpesvirus infection in the nucleus

The Intrinsic Antiviral Defense to Incoming HSV-1 Genomes Includes Specific DNA Repair Proteins and Is Counteracted by the Viral Protein ICP0

Cellular restriction factors responding to herpesvirus infection include the ND10 components PML, Sp100 and hDaxx. During the initial stages of HSV-1 infection, novel sub-nuclear structures containing these ND10 proteins form in association with incoming viral genomes. We report that several cellular DNA damage response proteins also relocate to sites associated with incoming viral genomes where they contribute to the cellular front line defense. We show that recruitment of DNA repair proteins to these sites is independent of ND10 components, and instead is coordinated by the cellular ubiquitin ligases RNF8 and RNF168. The viral protein ICP0 targets RNF8 and RNF168 for degradation, thereby preventing the deposition of repressive ubiquitin marks and counteracting this repair protein recruitment. This study highlights important parallels between recognition of cellular DNA damage and recognition of viral genomes, and adds RNF8 and RNF168 to the list of factors contributing to the intrinsic antiviral defense against herpesvirus infection