25 research outputs found
Lab-Scale Study of the Calcium Carbonate Dissolution and Deposition by Marine Cyanobacterium Phormidium subcapitatum
Suggestions that calcification in marine organisms changes in response to global variations in seawater chemistry continue to be advanced (Wilkinson, 1979; Degens et al. 1985; Kazmierczak et al. 1986; R. Riding 1992). However, the effect of [Na+] on calcification in marine cyanobacteria has not been discussed in detail although [Na+] fluctuations reflect both temperature and sea-level fluctuations. The goal of these lab-scale studies therefore was to study the effect of environmental pH and [Na+] on CaCO3 deposition and dissolution by marine cyanobacterium Phormidium subcapitatum. Marine cyanobacterium P. subcapitatum has been cultivated in ASN-III medium. [Ca2+] fluctuations were monitored with Ca(2+) probe. Na(+) concentrations were determined by the initial solution chemistry. It was found that the balance between CaCO3 dissolution and precipitation induced by P. subcapitatum grown in neutral ASN III medium is very close to zero. No CaCO3 precipitation induced by cyanobacterial growth occurred. Growth of P. subcapitatum in alkaline ASN III medium, however, was accompanied by significant oscillations in free Ca(2+) concentration within a Na(+) concentration range of 50-400 mM. Calcium carbonate precipitation occurred during the log phase of P. subcapitatum growth while carbonate dissolution was typical for the stationary phase of P. subcapitatum growth. The highest CaCO3 deposition was observed in the range of Na(+) concentrations between 200-400 mM. Alkaline pH also induced the clamping of P. subcapitatum filaments, which appeared to have a strong affinity to envelop particles of chemically deposited CaCO3 followed by enlargement of those particles size. EDS analysis revealed the presence of Mg-rich carbonate (or magnesium calcite) in the solution containing 10-100 mM Na(+); calcite in the solution containing 200 mM Na(+); and aragonite in the solution containing with 400 mM Na(+). Typical present-day seawater contains xxmM Na(+). Early (Archean) seawater was likely less saline. The division of marine cyanobacterium P. subcapitatum is associated with periodic deposition and dissolution of CaCO3, the rhythms and intensity of which are dependent on concentrations of both OH(-) and Na(+). Thus, the role of present-day marine cyanobacteria in the global carbonate cycle might be reduced to aggregation and recrystallization of available CaCO3 particles in marine water rather than long-term precipitation and accumulation of CaCO3 deposits. For lower Na(+) concentrations, precipitation of carbonates by cyanobacteria would be even less significant. These results suggest that the lack of calcified cyanobacteria in stromatalite-bearing Precambrian sequences can be explained not only by high dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations but also by lower salinity, as well as possible lower pH compared to present-day oceans
Tarski monoids: Matui's spatial realization theorem
We introduce a class of inverse monoids, called Tarski monoids, that can be
regarded as non-commutative generalizations of the unique countable, atomless
Boolean algebra. These inverse monoids are related to a class of etale
topological groupoids under a non-commutative generalization of classical Stone
duality and, significantly, they arise naturally in the theory of dynamical
systems as developed by Matui. We are thereby able to reinterpret a theorem of
Matui on a class of \'etale groupoids as an equivalent theorem about a class of
Tarski monoids: two simple Tarski monoids are isomorphic if and only if their
groups of units are isomorphic. The inverse monoids in question may also be
viewed as countably infinite generalizations of finite symmetric inverse
monoids. Their groups of units therefore generalize the finite symmetric groups
and include amongst their number the classical Thompson groups.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1407.147
ΠΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
Currently there is no convincing evidence concerning pathogenetic mechanisms of fibrous and sclerotic processes in pulmonary tissue as well as processes of bronchopulmonary system remodeling in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) of occupation etiology (OE).The purpose of the study was to identify relationship between the serum hyaluronic acid (HA) level and severity of obstructive pulmonary ventilation impairment according to spirometry data in subjects with COPD associated with the impact of silica-containing dust and chronic occupational non-obstructive (common) bronchitis (CONB) of occupational etiology.Materials and Methods. Patients (n = 153) with the diagnosis OE COPD (n = 92), OE CONB (n = 36) and healthy subjects participated in the study.Results. The study data demonstrated that serum HA level in patients with OE COPD and CONB was 3β5 times higher than that in healthy subjects (p = 0.0001). In patients with OE COPD HA concentration was significantly higher, than that in subjects with OE CONB (p = 0.039). Negative correlation between HA concentration and forced expiratory volume in 1 second value was observed (p = 0.006; R = β0.31). There was statistically significant positive correlation between HA level and disease duration (Ρ = 0.021; R = 0.21).Conclusion. Serum HA level in patients with OE-related COPD and CONB may be used as a biomarker of fibrous and sclerotic process in pulmonary tissue, reflecting progression of obstruction and remodeling of small bronchi.Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ±Π΅Π΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΡΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
(Π₯ΠΠΠ) ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ) ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ Π³ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΠ) Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ»ΠΈ Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ (ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠΌ) Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ (Π₯ΠΠΠ) ΠΠ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. Π ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ (n = 153) Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΠ (n = 92), Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΠ (n = 36) ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΈΡΠ° (n = 25).Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΈ Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π² 3β5 ΡΠ°Π· ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡΠ°Π»Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΡ Ρ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ (Ρ = 0,0001). Π£ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π»ΠΈΡ Ρ Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΠ (p = 0,039). ΠΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ
Π° Π·Π° 1-Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π΄Ρ (Ρ = 0,006; R = β0,31). Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΠ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Ρ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ (Ρ = 0,021; R = 0,21).ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΠΠ Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΈ Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΠ±ΡΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π² Π»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ, ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΊΠΈΡ
Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΠ²
ΠΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
The frequency of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the main factors determining the outcome. The search for biomarkers which reflect the risk of exacerbations is one of the urgent scientific and practical objectives. Aim. The study aimed to analyze the relationship between the serum concentration of hyaluronic acid (HA) and the frequency of exacerbations of occupational COPD caused by exposure to silica dust and to substantiate the use of HA as a predictor of exacerbations of COPD. Methods. 78 individuals with a diagnosis of occupational COPD were examined. Respiratory function was assessed based on forced vital capacity of the lungs (FVC, %), the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1, %) and the calculated ratio of these parameters (FEV1/FVC, %), i.e., modified Tiffno index. The serum concentration of hyaluronic acid (ng/ml) was determined in all individuals using solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The absolute blood level of eosinophils (cell/ΞΌl) was determined by a unified method of morphological study of hemocytes with white blood cell differential count. Results. Serum HA concentration in patients with occupational COPD with frequent exacerbations was 25% higher than in the patients with rare exacerbations (the difference was statistically significant; Ρ = 0,004). The analysis of the obtained data showed that the most significant moderate correlation was found between the level of HA and the frequency of COPD exacerbations (direct relationship, r = 0.32; p < 0.05), and FEV1 and the frequency of COPD exacerbations (feedback, r = -0.32;p < 0.05). A weak relationship was found between the relative number of eosinophils and the frequency of COPD exacerbations (direct relationship, r = 0.2; p < 0.05). Weak correlations were also found between the level of HA and FEV1 (feedback, r = -0.23; p < 0.05), between the level of HA and the relative number of eosinophils (direct relationship, r = 0.18; p < 0.05). Conclusion. Quantitative analysis of serum HA in patients with occupational COPD can be used in clinical practice as a biochemical marker for assessing the risk of exacerbations and progression of bronchopulmonary pathology.Π§Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π·Π½ΠΈ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
(Π₯ΠΠΠ) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΈΠ· Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΠ²ΡΠ·ΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΡΠΊ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ (ΠΠ) Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ (ΠΠ), ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ½Π΅Π·Π΅ΠΌΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ»ΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π₯ΠΠΠ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΡ (n = 78) Ρ Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΠ. Π€ΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌ: ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π΅ΠΌΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΈΡ
(Π€ΠΠΠ, %Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆ.), ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡ
Π° Π·Π° 1-Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π΄Ρ (ΠΠ€Π1, %Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆ.) ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΠ€Π1 / Π€ΠΠΠ, %) β ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡ Π’ΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎ. Π£ Π²ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ (Π½Π³ / ΠΌΠ»). ΠΠ±ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ (ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ / ΠΌΠΊΠ») ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π»Π΅ΠΉΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Ρ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΠ Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΠ Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠ΅ (Π½Π° 25 %) ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ (Ρ = 0,004). ΠΠ°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΈΠ»Ρ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π₯ΠΠΠ (ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ β ΠΏΡΠΈ r = 0,32; Ρ = < 0,05), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ€Π1 ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π₯ΠΠΠ (ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ β ΠΏΡΠΈ r = β0,32; Ρ < 0,05). ΠΠ±Π½Π°ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π°Π±Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π₯ΠΠΠ (ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ β ΠΏΡΠΈ r = 0,2; Ρ < 0,05). Π’Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ»Π°Π±Π°Ρ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΠ€Π1 (ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ β ΠΏΡΠΈ r = β0,23; Ρ < 0,05), Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΠ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ² (ΠΏΡΡΠΌΠ°Ρ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ β ΠΏΡΠΈ r = 0,18; Ρ < 0,05). ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΠ Π² ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π₯ΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±ΡΠΎΠ½Ρ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°: ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ, ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
Nonspecific infectious lesions of the spine are relatively rare, difficult to diagnose and severe diseases of the spine. The urgency of treating nonspecific infectious spinal diseases is explained by an increase in the frequency of these diseases, new antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms, and the severity of the course and unsatisfactory treatment outcomes. In this review, we describe spondylodiscitis and epiduritis in detail. On the basis of literature data, we thoroughly studied and described etiology, clinical pattern and diagnosis of these diseases. We thoroughly covered modern laboratory and radiologic methods for the diagnosis of spondylodiscitis and epiduritis, such as spondylography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, scintigraphy, positron emission tomography of the spine and biopsy and described modern methods of conservative and surgical treatment. The particular attention is paid to the technique of surgical treatment of spondylodiscitis and epiduritis.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π½ΠΎΠΉΠ½ΠΎ-Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° (ΠΠΠΠΠ) ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΊΠΈΠΌ, ΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΡ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ, Π²ΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ², ΡΡΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π½Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ: ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ. ΠΠ²ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°: Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅, Π»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΌΠ°Π³Π½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ, ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΈ. Π Π°Π·Π²Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Ρ
ΠΈΡΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ΅ Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°
Pseudoparabolic variational inequalities without initial conditions
We consider a pseudoparabolic variational inequality in a cylindrical domain semibounded in a variable t. Under certain conditions imposed on the coefficients of the inequality, we prove theorems on the unique existence of a solution for a class of functions with exponential growth as t β β.</p
On certain nonlinear pseudoparabolic variational inequalities without initial conditions
We consider a nonlinear pseudoparabolic variational inequality in a tube domain semibounded in variable t. Under certain conditions imposed on coefficients of the inequality, we prove the theorems of existence and uniqueness of a solution without any restriction on its behavior as t β;-β
BER performance of finite in time optimal FTN signals for the Viterbi algorithm
In this article, we consider the faster than Nyquist (FTN) technology in aspects of the application of the Viterbi algorithm (VA). Finite in time optimal FTN signals are used to provide a symbol rate higher than the βNyquist barrierβ without any encoding. These signals are obtained as the solutions of the corresponding optimization problem. Optimal signals are characterized by intersymbol interference (ISI). This fact leads to significant bit error rate (BER) performance degradation for βclassicalβ forms of signals. However, ISI can be controlled by the restriction of the optimization problem. So we can use optimal signals in conditions of increased duration and an increased symbol rate without significant energy losses. The additional symbol rate increase leads to the increase of the reception algorithm complexity. We consider the application of VA for optimal FTN signals reception. The application of VA for receiving optimal FTN signals with increased duration provides close to the potential performance of BER, while the symbol rate is twice above the Nyquist limit