Investigations on transparent liquid-miscibility gap systems

Sedimentation and phase separation is a well known occurrence in monotectic or miscibility gap alloys. Previous investigations indicate that it may be possible to prepare such alloys in a low-gravity space environment but recent experiments indicate that there may be nongravity dependent phase separation processes which can hinder the formation of such alloys. Such phase separation processes are studied using transparent liquid systems and holography. By reconstructing holograms into a commercial-particle-analysis system, real time computer analysis can be performed on emulsions with diameters in the range of 5 micrometers or greater. Thus dynamic effects associated with particle migration and coalescence can be studied. Characterization studies on two selected immiscible systems including an accurate determination of phase diagrams, surface and interfacial tension measurements, surface excess and wetting behavior near critical solution temperatures completed

Bacterial Content of Desecated Egg

The value of eggs as an article of food for human consumption has been recognized for a long period of time. The relative value, as compared to other available food products, may be subject to further investigation, even though much work has already been done. But whatever may be the variance in conclusions, yet the fact of the great food value of eggs has been established by experiment and by practical experience. With the realization of the value of a food, is an attendant increased consumption and the necessity for increased production, and also the advisability of extending the period over which the given food is available. During the months of plenty, provision should be made for the \u27\u27lean\u27\u27 months

Neonatal weight loss in breast and formula-fed infants

We have observed an increase in the number of breast fed babies presenting with dehydration and/or failure to thrive because of lactation failure and non-recognition of feeding problems. Recent reports1,2 support this experience and recommend monitoring of the weight of infants through the neonatal period. However, these reports acknowledge uncertainty as to what actually constitutes normal neonatal weight loss. Maisels and colleagues published two studies which have been quoted as giving guidance on normal loss. Both studies were designed primarily to study factors that influence breast milk jaundice. The first3 reported a mean weight loss of about 6% in 100 unselected well babies during the first 3 days. The subsequent study4 reported a mean weight loss of 6.86% in 186 infants. The timescale over which babies were weighed was not clearly indicated, although it may have only been 2-3 days. The sample was neither population based nor randomly selected, being largely preselected because of the presence of more pronounced jaundice. The distribution of data points for early neonatal weight loss are likely to be skewed, yet both studies reported the results as mean (SD). Owing to the design and method of data presentation, these studies cannot reliably inform the debate as to what constitutes the norm. Marchini and colleagues published reports also designed primarily to study other issues. One5 indicated a mean early weight loss of 5.7%. Measurements were recorded over a three day period, and no indication is given of the skewness of the data. Another study6 reported a median weight loss of about 6% recorded over a four day period. At least one baby lost > 15% of his/her birth weight during this time, but there is no clear information as to the frequency with which more extreme degrees of weight loss are observed

Apparatus for Plating out Petri Dishes in the Field

For some time bacteriologists interested in water or sewage analysis have realized the fact that for determining the number of bacteria per c.c. the water should be plated as soon as possible after it has been collected. If the samples are collected at some distance from the laboratory, recourse is had to packing in ice, which is always cumbersome and sometimes very inconvenient. Even then results will not be so accurate as those obtained by plating immediately after collecting. Various attempts have been made to plate dishes in the field, I believe without very satisfactory results, until last summer when I first used the apparatus here described