10,217 research outputs found
Quantum mechanics is about quantum information
I argue that quantum mechanics is fundamentally a theory about the
representation and manipulation of information, not a theory about the
mechanics of nonclassical waves or particles. The notion of quantum information
is to be understood as a new physical primitive -- just as, following
Einstein's special theory of relativity, a field is no longer regarded as the
physical manifestation of vibrations in a mechanical medium, but recognized as
a new physical primitive in its own right.Comment: 17 pages, forthcoming in Foundations of Physics Festschrift issue for
James Cushing. Revised version: some paragraphs have been added to the final
section clarifying the argument, and various minor clarifying remarks have
been added throughout the tex
A structural evaluation of the tungsten isotopes via thermal neutron capture
Total radiative thermal neutron-capture -ray cross sections for the
W isotopes were measured using guided neutron beams from
the Budapest Research Reactor to induce prompt and delayed rays from
elemental and isotopically-enriched tungsten targets. These cross sections were
determined from the sum of measured -ray cross sections feeding the
ground state from low-lying levels below a cutoff energy, E, where
the level scheme is completely known, and continuum rays from levels
above E, calculated using the Monte Carlo statistical-decay code
DICEBOX. The new cross sections determined in this work for the tungsten
nuclides are: b and
b;
b and b; b and
b; and,
b and b. These results are consistent with
earlier measurements in the literature. The W cross section was also
independently confirmed from an activation measurement, following the decay of
W, yielding values for that are consistent
with our prompt -ray measurement. The cross-section measurements were
found to be insensitive to choice of level density or photon strength model,
and only weakly dependent on E. Total radiative-capture widths
calculated with DICEBOX showed much greater model dependence, however, the
recommended values could be reproduced with selected model choices. The decay
schemes for all tungsten isotopes were improved in these analyses.Comment: 25 pages, 15 figures, 15 table
Financial Transaction Tax: Small is Beautiful
The case for taxing financial transactions merely to raise more revenues from the financial sector is not particularly strong. Better alternatives to tax the financial sector are likely to be available. However, a tax on financial transactions could be justified in order to limit socially
undesirable transactions when more direct means of doing so are unavailable for political or
practical reasons. Some financial transactions are indeed likely to do more harm than good,
especially when they contribute to the systemic risk of the financial system. However, such a
financial transaction tax should be very small, much smaller than the negative externalities in
question, because it is a blunt instrument that also drives out socially useful transactions.
There is a case for taxing over-the-counter derivative transactions at a somewhat higher rate
than exchange-based derivative transactions. More targeted remedies to drive out socially
undesirable transactions should be sought in parallel, which would allow, after their
implementation, to reduce or even phase out financialtransaction taxes
Cavity-QED tests of representations of canonical commutation relations employed in field quantization
Various aspects of dissipative and nondissipative decoherence of Rabi
oscillations are discussed in the context of field quantization in alternative
representations of CCR. Theory is confronted with experiment, and a possibility
of more conclusive tests is analyzed.Comment: Discussion of dissipative and nondissipative decoherence is included.
Theory is now consistent with the existing data and predictions for new
experiments are more reliabl
Quantum Gravity Effects in Black Holes at the LHC
We study possible back-reaction and quantum gravity effects in the
evaporation of black holes which could be produced at the LHC through a
modification of the Hawking emission. The corrections are phenomenologically
taken into account by employing a modified relation between the black hole mass
and temperature. The usual assumption that black holes explode around TeV
is also released, and the evaporation process is extended to (possibly much)
smaller final masses. We show that these effects could be observable for black
holes produced with a relatively large mass and should therefore be taken into
account when simulating micro-black hole events for the experiments planned at
the LHC.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, extended version of hep-ph/0601243 with new
analysis of final products, final version accepted for publication in J.
Phys.
Atomic mass dependence of \Xi^- and \overline{\Xi}^+ production in central 250 GeV \pi^- nucleon interactions
We present the first measurement of the atomic mass dependence of central
\Xi^- and \overline{\Xi}^+ production. It is measured using a sample of 22,459
\Xi^-'s and \overline{\Xi}^+'s produced in collisions between a 250 GeV \pi^-
beam and targets of beryllium, aluminum, copper, and tungsten. The relative
cross sections are fit to the two parameter function \sigma_0 A^\alpha, where A
is the atomic mass. We measure \alpha = 0.924+-0.020+-0.025, for Feynman-x in
the range -0.09 < x_F < 0.15.Comment: 10 pages, revtex, 2 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Keck Interferometer Nuller Data Reduction and On-Sky Performance
We describe the Keck Interferometer nuller theory of operation, data reduction, and on-sky performance, particularly as it applies to the nuller exozodiacal dust key science program that was carried out between 2008 February and 2009 January. We review the nuller implementation, including the detailed phasor processing involved in implementing the null-peak mode used for science data and the sequencing used for science observing. We then describe the Level 1 reduction to convert the instrument telemetry streams to raw null leakages, and the Level 2 reduction to provide calibrated null leakages. The Level 1 reduction uses conservative, primarily linear processing, implemented consistently for science and calibrator stars. The Level 2 processing is more flexible, and uses diameters for the calibrator stars measured contemporaneously with the interferometer’s K-band cophasing system in order to provide the requisite accuracy. Using the key science data set of 462 total scans, we assess the instrument performance for sensitivity and systematic error. At 2.0 Jy we achieve a photometrically-limited null leakage uncertainty of 0.25% rms per 10 minutes of integration time in our broadband channel. From analysis of the Level 2 reductions, we estimate a systematic noise floor for bright stars of ~0.2% rms null leakage uncertainty per observing cluster in the broadband channel. A similar analysis is performed for the narrowband channels. We also provide additional information needed for science reduction, including details on the instrument beam pattern and the basic astrophysical response of the system, and references to the data reduction and modeling tools
ASTRA: ASTrometry and phase-Referencing Astronomy on the Keck interferometer
ASTRA (ASTrometric and phase-Referencing Astronomy) is an upgrade to the
existing Keck Interferometer which aims at providing new self-phase referencing
(high spectral resolution observation of YSOs), dual-field phase referencing
(sensitive AGN observations), and astrometric (known exoplanetary systems
characterization and galactic center general relativity in strong field regime)
capabilities. With the first high spectral resolution mode now offered to the
community, this contribution focuses on the progress of the dual field and
astrometric modes.Comment: 10 pages, 6 figures, 2 tables, SPIE 201
Heavy Higgs production and decay via and irreducible backgrounds at Next Linear Colliders
The complete matrix element for e^+e^-\ar b\bar bZ^0Z^0 has been computed
at tree--level and applied to --production followed by Z^0\ar b\bar b
and H^0\ar Z^0Z^0, including all the irreducible background, at Next Linear
Colliders. We find that, assuming flavour identification of the --decay
products, this channel, together with e^+e^-\ar b\bar bW^+W^- in which
Z^0H^0\ar (b\bar b)(W^+W^-), can be important for the study of the parameters
of the Standard Model Higgs boson over the heavy mass range 2M_{Z^0}\Ord
M_{H^0}\Ord 2{m_t}.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX (uses Feynman), 7 figures (.ps files or hardcopies of
figs.2-7 available upon request
- …