Ingot slicing machine and method

An improved method for simultaneously slicing one or a multiplicity of boules of silicon into silicon wafers is described. A plurality of vertical stacks of horizontal saw blades of circular configuration are arranged in juxtaposed coaxial alignment. Each blade is characterized by having a cutting diameter slightly greater than the cutting diameter of the blade arranged immediately above, imparting a simultaneous rotation to the blades

MEASURING FOOD MANUFACTURING PRODUCTIVITY: GROSS- OR NET-OUTPUT APPROACH?

The measured multifactor productivity index of the value of shipments shows a trend of declining and then moving up and down along the level of the base year 1975. The influence of technological changes to the output growth is rather limited. The measured labor productivity index of the value-added exhibits a trend of steady increase over years. The contribution of the food-manufacturing sector to the growth of GDP increased during 1975-97.Food manufacturing, multifactor productivity, labor productivity, Agribusiness, Productivity Analysis,

HOW ECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCE THE NUTRIENT CONTENT OF DIETS

Economic factors such as food prices and consumer income affect food choices with consequences for the availability of nutrients. A model is developed to estimate how the availability of 28 nutrients would change as consumers alter their food purchases in response to changes in food prices and income.Consumer/Household Economics, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,

Measuring Inverse Demand Systems and Consumer Welfare

Demand and Price Analysis, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,

Flavor Mixing and the Permutation Symmetry among Generations

In the standard model, the permutation symmetry among the three generations of fundamental fermions is usually regarded to be broken by the Higgs couplings. It is found that the symmetry is restored if we include the mass matrix parameters as physical variables which transform appropriately under the symmetry operation. Known relations between these variables, such as the renormalization group equations, as well as formulas for neutrino oscillations (in vacuum and in matter), are shown to be covariant tensor equations under the permutation symmetry group.Comment: 12 page

Renormalization of the Neutrino Mass Matrix

In terms of a rephasing invariant parametrization, the set of renormalization group equations (RGE) for Dirac neutrino parameters can be cast in a compact and simple form. These equations exhibit manifest symmetry under flavor permutations. We obtain both exact and approximate RGE invariants, in addition to some approximate solutions and examples of numerical solutions.Comment: 15 pages, 1figur