Kebijakan Harga Output Dan Input Untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Jagung

Permintaan jagung terus meningkat untuk memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan, yaitu bahan baku industri pakan ternak, industri makanan dan konsumsi langsung. Seiring meningkatnya kebutuhan dan pentingnya peranan jagung, maka dukungan kebijakan terkait output dan input memiliki urgensi penting dalam rangka peningkatan produksi jagung nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Perubahan harga output dan input terhadap penawaran output dan permintaan input jagung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) selama kurun waktu 1985-2009, harga jagung di Jawa Timur dan Jawa Barat cenderung meningkat, dan seiring dengan hal itu harga input USAhatani jagung : benih, pupuk dan tenaga kerja juga meningkat, (2) penawaran jagung di Provinsi Jawa Timur dan Jawa Barat elastis terhadap Perubahan harga sendiri, sedangkan terhadap Perubahan harga benih, harga urea, harga TSP dan upah tenaga kerja adalah inelastis, (3) peningkatan harga pupuk tidak berpengaruh terhadap penawaran jagung, sedangkan peningkatan harga benih berpengaruh negatif terhadap penawaran jagung, dan (4) jika terjadi kombinasi kebijakan peningkatan harga jagung, harga pupuk dan harga benih maka penawaran jagung meningkat di kedua provinsi. Implikasi kebijakan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa upaya untuk meningkatkan penawaran jagung dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan harga jagung

A Backward Method to Estimate the Dai-ichi Reactor Core Damage Using Radiation Exposure in the Environment

The Fukushima accident resulted in the melting of the reactor core due to loss of supply of coolant when the reactor stopped from operating conditions. The earthquake and tsunami caused loss of electricity due to the flooding that occurred in the reactor. The absence of the coolant supply after reactor shutdown resulted in heat accumulation, causing the temperature of the fuel to rise beyond its melting point. In the early stages of the accident, operator could not determine the severity of the accident and the percentage of the reactor core damaged. The available data was based on the radiation exposure in the environment that was reported by the authorities. The aim of this paper is to determine the severity of the conditions in the reactor core based on the radiation doses measured in the environment. The method is performed by backward counting based on the measuring radiation exposure and radionuclides releases source term. The calculation was performed by using the PC-COSYMA code. The results showed that the core damage fraction at Dai-ichi Unit 1 was 70%, and the resulting individual effective dose in the exclusion area is 401 mSv, while the core damage fraction at Unit 2 was 30%, and the resulting individual effective dose was 99.1 mSv, while for Unit 3, the core damage fraction was 25% for an individual effective dose of 92.2 mSv. The differences between the results of the calculation for estimation of core damage proposed in this paper with the previously reported results is probably caused by the applied model for assessment, differences in postulations and assumptions, and the incompleteness of the input data. This difference could be reduced by performing calculations and simulations for more varied assumptions and postulations.Received: 30 October 2015 ; Revised: 29 March 2016; Accepted: 31 March 201

Penentuan Zona Kedaruratan Nuklir Luar Tapak (Off-site) di Indonesia

THE DETERMINATION OF NUCLEAR EMERGENCY ZONE FOR OFF SITE IN INDONESIA. Learning from the Fukushima accident, especially in the nuclear emergencies management after the accident needs to be reviewed which improve Indonesian perceptions of nuclear power plant (NPP) safety. Zoning is very important for the nuclear emergency management, as it accelerates and more precise in taking protective actions on society and the environment. This paper aims to determine the nuclear emergency planning zone EPZ for off-site in Indonesia. The research methodology is to calculations for PWR- 1000 MWe (±3300 MWth) under abnormal conditions postulated as a design basis accident, DBA and beyond design basis accidents BDBA on the site of Ujung Lemah Abang, Bojanegara, West and South Bangka. Calculations and simulations using countermeasures module of PC-Cosyma programme. The result that Ujung Lemah Abang site has the simplest nuclear emergency planning zone EPZ. Site conditions is more influential than the magnitude of the activity radioactive releases, especially the meteorological and environmental conditions

A Backward Method to Estimate the Dai-ichi Reactor Core Damage Using Radiation Exposure in the Environment

The Fukushima accident resulted in the melting of the reactor core due to loss of supply of coolant when the reactor stopped from operating conditions. The earthquake and tsunami caused loss of electricity due to the flooding that occurred in the reactor. The absence of the coolant supply after reactor shutdown resulted in heat accumulation, causing the temperature of the fuel to rise beyond its melting point. In the early stages of the accident, operator could not determine the severity of the accident and the percentage of the reactor core damaged. The available data was based on the radiation exposure in the environment that was reported by the authorities. The aim of this paper is to determine the severity of the conditions in the reactor core based on the radiation doses measured in the environment. The method is performed by backward counting based on the measuring radiation exposure and radionuclides releases source term. The calculation was performed by using the PC-COSYMA code. The results showed that the core damage fraction at Dai-ichi Unit 1 was 70%, and the resulting individual effective dose in the exclusion area is 401 mSv, while the core damage fraction at Unit 2 was 30%, and the resulting individual effective dose was 99.1 mSv, while for Unit 3, the core damage fraction was 25% for an individual effective dose of 92.2 mSv. The differences between the results of the calculation for estimation of core damage proposed in this paper with the previously reported results is probably caused by the applied model for assessment, differences in postulations and assumptions, and the incompleteness of the input data. This difference could be reduced by performing calculations and simulations for more varied assumptions and postulations.Received: 30 October 2015 ; Revised: 29 March 2016; Accepted: 31 March 201

The Influence of Management Information System to Management Control System

Purpose – The purpose of this paper to recognize the most important indicators of managementinformation system that can influence the management control system.Design/methodology/approach – this study uses meta-analysis as the explanation approach as findingout the indicators of management information system that can influence the management control systemmay necessary be approved by empirical study for the next future research.Finding – The indicators of management information system supporting the quality of managementbefore the management control system can be fully implemented.Originality/value – The characteristic of each indicator of management information system brings theinformation that shows the result from that information so that by studying this information at eachdifferent kind of situation will affect not only management quality but also the different strategy ofmanagement to applied control system based on the knowledge management level

Atmospheric Dispersion Analysis for Expected Radiation Dose due to Normal Operation of RSG-GAS and RDE Reactors

BATAN is planning to build an experimental power reactor, the RDE, to complement the RSG-GAS reactor that is already operating in the Serpong Nuclear Zone (KNS). The experimental power reactor is an HTGR (high-temperature gas-cooled reactor) with 10 MWt power, while the RSG-GAS is a pool-type water-cooled reactor with 30 MWt power. According to standard regulatory practices, under normal operating conditions of the plant, radiological assessment of atmospheric releases to the environment and assessment of public exposures are considered essential. The purpose of this study is to estimate the dose acceptance in Serpong Nuclear Zone (KNS) after operate the RDE operates in KNS-2. To assess the doses, the PC-CREAM 08 computer code was used. It uses a standard Gaussian plume dispersion model and composes a suite of models and data for estimation of the radiological impact assessments of routine and continual discharges from a nuclear reactor. The input data include sourceterm from the RDE and the RSG-GAS, a stack the height of 60 m annual radionuclides release, meteorological data from the Serpong local meteorological station, and agricultural products data from Serpong site. Results show that the highest individual dose in the area around KNS for adults is 6.16×10-3 mSv/y in the S (South) direction and 300 m distance from the stack of RSG. The highest collective dose around KNS within 3 km radius is 6.37×10-3 man-Sv/yr. The results show that the radiological impact of the KNS on the critical groups of public and the individual effective doses satisfy the limits given by the Nuclear Regulatory Agency of Indonesia (BAPETEN). The operation of RDE in KNS-2 does not add significantly to acceptance radiation dose in the environment in KNS. It can also be concluded that the estimated effective doses are lower than the dose constraint of 0.3 mSv/y associated with this plant

Technical Efficiency of Beef Cattle Breeding Business in East Java Province

The objectives of this research were to compare technical efficiency of beef cattle business operating in lowland and upland areas of East Java and to identify and analyze factors affecting the technical efficiency as well as inefficiency of that business. A survey was conducted to 89 farmers in the lowland area of Probolinggo District and 97 farmers in the upland areas of Malang Districts during the period of February-March 2013. Results of stochastic frontier production function with MLE method showed that the average technical efficiency in lowland area was higher (80%) compared to that in upland area (64%). The results indicated that beef cattle production was highly significant and positively influenced by total of grasses and forages, rice straw, feed supplements, stock of cattle, labor time allocation and service per conception. However, location of the business, whether in lowland and upland areas was a significant factor that could increase the efficiency. Some factors that could significantly reduce the technical inefficiency of beef cattle business were: labor force in family, education level, proportion of beef cattle income to total household income, age of cattle sold, cattle health examination, ownership status of the cattle, and gender. Therefore, (1) the existing farmers group should be improved their role to facilitate trading of cattle feed, and (2) the government should facilitate the farmers in the provision of funding tu buy beef cattle with a subsidized interest rate, so the farmers will be more enthusiast in taking care of their cattle, thus could improve their production efficiency

Pengaruh Hypnobirthing Terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Kecemasan, Tekanan Darah, Dan Denyut Nadi Pada Ibu Hamil Primigravida Trimester III

. Pregnant women who experience anxiety, if not taken seriously will have an impact and influence on the physical and psychic, both the mother and fetus. Pregnant women should maintain the balance of body and mind to create calm and comfortable mind so that both can work balance that will lead to pregnancy and childbirth calmly and happily. One way to create the calm conditions of the body,it can be done by means Hypnobirthing. Objective this study is to know the effect of Hypnobirthing in reducing anxiety levels, blood pressure and pulse rate in the third trimester primigravida mother. Methods: quasy experiments research used non-Equivalent Control Group. The sample of this research consisted of 36 people, the sampling technique used purposive sampling. Anxiety data collection used questionnaire (HRSA), the blood pressure used sphygmomanometer, mercury and pulse rate used palpation over the radial artery. Results: The analysis showed significant difference on anxiety mean in the intervention group (p =, 000), significant differences in blood pressure mean in the intervention group (p =, 000) and significant difference in heart rate mean in the intervention group (p =, 000 ). Conclusion: Hypnobirthing has influence in reducing anxiety levels, blood pressure and pulse rate in the third trimester primigravida mother

Analysis of Factors Associates to the Incidence of Pulmonary TB Patients Drop Out in Primary Healthcare Centers in Sorong Papua Barat

Data from health office of West Papua province regarding new cases of tuberculosis (TB) indicatedthat the number of cases increased although lung TB control program was improved. Data from BP2PL of West Papua health office in 2009 showed that 2462 new cases of positive fast acid bacilli(BTA) were found; among them, 337 patients were dropout. In 2010, 2476 cases with positive BTAwere found, and among them 441 patients were dropout. Based on preliminary survey done inSorong city primary healthcare centers, in 2008, 87 new lung TB cases with positive BTA werefound. Among them, 20 patients were treated and cured, 64 patients were dropout. In 2009, therewas an increase in the number of new cases, which were 108 patients. Among them, 28 patientswere cured, and 61 patients were dropout. In 2010, 103 new cases with positive BTA were found;among them, 27 patients were cured, and 55 patients were dropout. The objective of this study wasto identify factors related to the occurrence of drop out among lung TB patients who were in thetreatment program.This was a quantitative study with cross sectional approach. Data were collected using interviewmethod supported by structured questionnaire. Study population was all patients visited in theSorong city primary healthcare centers. Study samples were 50 dropout patients and 50 patientswho sought for medication regularly and cured in primary healthcare centers in Sorong city.Frequency distributions were presented for univariate analysis, and chi square test was applied forbivariate analysis.Results of the study showed that there was association between knowledge and dropout occurrence(p= 0.001).Motivation was associated with dropout occurrence (p= 0.001). The role of PMO wasassociated with drop out occurrence (p= 0.001). Accessibility was associated with dropoutoccurrence (p= 0.001). Family support was associated with dropout occurrence (p= 0.001). Noassociation between age and dropout occurrence (p= 0.356), between sex and dropout occurrence(p= 0.156), between education and dropout occurrence (p= 0.453).In conclusion, variables related to dropout occurrence are knowledge, motivation, roles of PMO,accessibility, and family support. Suggestions for district health office are to increase educationfrequency, playing documentary movies about infectious diseases. Long term suggestions are tobuild supporting primary health care center, and to reactivate village health cadres