Effects of slaughter age and muscle type on meat quality characteristics of Eastern Anatolian Red bulls

The effects of slaughter age and muscle type on meat quality properties of Eastern Anatolian Red (EAR) bulls (n=46) were investigated in the present study. Forty-six EAR bulls were slaughtered at 15, 17, 19, 25 and 27 months. Meat samples were taken from longissimus dorsi (LD) and gluteus medius (GM) muscles obtained from the carcasses at 24&thinsp;h post-mortem. Meat color parameters were significantly affected by slaughter age. Older animals (19, 25 and 27 months of age) possessed higher L*, a* and H values than those of younger animals (15 and 17 months of age). LD muscle had higher L* and a* values than those of GM muscles. The influences of slaughter age and muscle type on the proportions of dry matter, ether extract, crude ash and crude protein were not significant in the present study. The influence of slaughter age on the tenderness, acceptability, juiciness, number of chews and Warner–Bratzler shear (WBS) values were found to be significant. Tenderness, juiciness, flavor intensity and acceptability increased until 19 months of age, and then increase in age resulted in lower tenderness, flavor intensity and acceptability scores. Cooking yield significantly increased depending on the increase of age. WBS and cooking yield values from the LD were higher than that of the GM muscle. Textural characteristics such as hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience were not affected by slaughter age, but muscles had a significant influence on hardness, gumminess, chewiness and resilience. In conclusion, most eating quality characteristics and color parameters were positively influenced by slaughter age.</p

Determination of Meat Quality Through Principal Components Analysis

In the present investigation, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to various variables to describe meat quality. Sixteen meat quality variables were examined, and the analysis showed that 60.71% of the total variation was explained by the first three principal components. L*, a*, b* as colour data; odour, tenderness, flavour, acceptability as sensorial traits; hardness and chewiness as physical traits had the highest share in the total variation

Relationships between milk protein polymorphisms and production traits in cattle: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Many researchers who have studied the relationships between milk protein polymorphisms and some yield traits in dairy cattle have reported incompatible results. In this study, in order to examine the overall relationships between milk protein genes known as major genes (CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN3, and BLG) and some yield traits (daily milk yield, lactation milk yield, fat yield, fat content, protein yield, and protein content), a meta-analysis was performed using some genetic models reported in the results of previous studies on cattle. The results suggest that the relationships of major milk protein genes with other factors should be studied using the codominant genetic model in general. Relationships among some CSN3 genotypes and fat yield, fat content, and protein content, and relationships between some BLG genotypes and daily milk yield, fat content, protein yield, and protein content were significant (P&lt;0.05). No significant (P&gt;0.05) relationships were found between these genotypes and other milk production traits. In addition, no significant (P&gt;0.05) relationships between the CSN1S1 and CSN2 genotypes with the milk production traits examined were observed

Feed efficiency and carcass and meat quality characteristics of bulls finished on diets containing varied proportions of wheat straw and wet sugar beet pulp

Fifteen young Holstein Friesian bulls (18 mo of age) were divided into three groups of five. All groups were fed a diet consisting of 60% concentrate and 40% roughage. The control (C) group received a mixture of dry meadow hay, dry lucerne and wheat straw as roughage. The second and third treatment groups were fed a similar mixture of roughage partially substituting wheat straw with wet sugar beet pulp (SBP) at levels of 4% and 8% on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively. Dry matter intake and feed efficiency ratio (kg DM intake/kg weight gain) of the C group were significantly higher than those of the 4% SBP and 8% SBP groups. Slaughter and carcass traits indicated that there were no significant differences between dietary treatments. The inclusion of 8% SBP significantly improved panel ratings for tenderness, juiciness, beef flavour intensity and general acceptance, as well as number of chews before swallowing and the Warner Bratzler Shear value. Proximate analysis of the meat did not demonstrate differences between meat from the bulls fed C and the SBP diets. It was concluded that wheat straw could be replaced by 8% SBP in the finishing diet for young Holstein Friesian bulls in order to improve feed efficiency and sensory quality characteristics of their meat.Keywords: Sugar beet pulp, finishing, Holstein Friesian bulls, carcass, meat qualit

Some Environmental Factors Affecting on Growth Characteristics in Eastern Anatolian Red Cattle

Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (DAK) ırkı sığırların farklı yaşlardaki canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışları ve bazı vücut ölçüleri belirlenerek, bu özellikler üzerine etkili çevre faktörleri incelenmiştir. Ana yaşının doğum ağırlığı üzerine etkisi çok önemli (P<0.01) bulunmuştur. En düşük ortalama doğum ağırlığı 3 yaşlı analardan doğan buzağılardan, en yüksek doğum ağırlığı ise 5 yaşlı anaların buzağılarından elde edilmiştir. Erkek hayvanların değişik yaşlarda dişilere göre daha yüksek canlı ağırlığa ve ağırlık artışlarına sahip oldukları görülmüştür. Cinsiyetin canlı ağırlık üzerine etkisi, 9 ve 12 ay ağırlıkları hariç çok önemli (P<0.01) bulunmuştur. Buzağılara farklı miktarlarda sütle beslemenin 3, 6 ve 9 ay ağırlıkları ile ağırlık artışları üzerine çok önemli derecede (P<0.01) etki yaptığı saptanmıştır. Doğum yılının DAK’larda günlük canlı ağırlık artışları üzerine etkisi de çok önemli (P<0.01) olmuştur. Bu sonuçlar ele alınan özellikler üzerine çevresel faktörlerin önemini ortaya koymakta olup, yapılacak ıslah çalışmalarında bunlara göre düzeltmelerin yapılması gerekmektedir.Live weights, weight gains and some body measurements at different ages of Eastern Anatolian Red Cattle (EAR) were determined and some environmental factors affecting on these traits were investigated. The effect of dam’s age on the birth weight was highly significant (P<0.01). Although the lowest birth weight was obtained from calves of dams at the 3 years of age, the highest birth weight was obtained from calves given birth by cows at the 5 years of age. The males had heavier live weights and weight gains at different ages than the females. The effect of the sex on the live weights except for 9 and 12 months weights was found as highly significant (P<0.01). Feeding of the calves with different amount of milk had significant (P<0.01) influence on the 3, 6 and 9 months weights as well as weight gains. The effect of the years on the daily weight gains in EAR was also highly significant (P<0.01). The results shows the importance of the environmental effects on the traits studied and revealed that there is need for them to be corrected prior to the improvement studies

Effect of feed characteristics on the separation performances of monovalent and divalent salts by electrodialysis

European Conference on Desalination and the Environment -- MAY 04-08, 2003 -- MALTAWOS: 000183886300016In this study, separation performance for monovalent salts (NaCl, KCl) and divalent salts (CaCl2 MgCl2) was investigated by electrodialysis at pH 6.0-6.5, 4.0 and 2.0 using constant voltage mode of operation. TS-1-10 electrodialysis equipment (Tokuyama) modified with rotameters was employed in "experimental studies. The effect of electrical potential, pH and ion valency on separation performance was studied at room temperature using a constant flow rate. The efficiencies of each run were evaluated as specific power consumption with the electrical energy consumed only in stack