Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults

There is concern about an emerging diabetes epidemic in Turkey. We aimed to determine the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes, prediabetes and their 12-year trends and to identify risk factors for diabetes in the adult Turkish population. A cross-sectional, population-based survey, ‘TURDEP-II’ included 26,499 randomly sampled adults aged ≥ 20 years (response rate: 87 %). Fasting glucose and biochemical parameters were measured in all; then a OGTT was performed to identify diabetes and prediabetes in eligible participants. The prevalence of diabetes was 16.5 % (new 7.5 %), translating to 6.5 million adults with diabetes in Turkey. It was higher in women than men (p = 0.008). The age-standardized prevalence to the TURDEP-I population (performed in 1997–98) was 13.7 % (if same diagnostic definition was applied diabetes prevalence is calculated 11.4 %). The prevalence of isolated-IFG and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and combined prediabetes was 14.7, 7.9, and 8.2 %, respectively; and that of obesity 36 % and hypertension 31.4 %. Compared to TURDEP-I; the rate of increase for diabetes: 90 %, IGT: 106 %, obesity: 40 % and central obesity: 35 %, but hypertension decreased by 11 % during the last 12 years. In women age, waist, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, low education, and living environment; in men age, BMI, and hypertension were independently associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes. In women current smoking, and in men being single were associated with a reduced risk. These results from one of the largest nationally representative surveys carried out so far show that diabetes has rapidly become a major public health challenge in Turkey. The figures are alarming and underscore the urgent need for national programs to prevent diabetes, to manage the illness and thus prevent complications. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10654-013-9771-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

The electrophysiological findings of subclinical neuropathy in patients with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus

To assess the prevalence of subclinical neuropathy within the first year of type I diabetes mellitus, 30 patients and 14 healthy subjects have been studied prospectively. The patients whose diabetes duration was longer than 1 year have been excluded from the study. Control group consisted of healthy volunteers

The electrophysiological findings of subclinical neuropathy in patients with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus

To assess the prevalence of subclinical neuropathy within the first year of type I diabetes mellitus, 30 patients and 14 healthy subjects have been studied prospectively. The patients whose diabetes duration was longer than 1 year have been excluded from the study. Control group consisted of healthy volunteers

Determination of nerve conduction abnormalities in patients with impaired glucose tolerance

Recent studies have shown that impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is associated with dysfunction in the peripheral and autonomic nerves. The aim of this study was to determine the electrophysiological abnormalities of IGT. To determine electrophysiological abnormality in the large sensorimotor and sudomotor autonomic nerves with IGT patients, 43 patients and 34 healthy subjects have been studied. Subjective neuropathy symptoms, neurological examination and the electrophysiological findings were evaluated. When conduction of large somatic fibers only was evaluated, the ratio of electrophysiological abnormality was found to be 21%. In addition, where sympathetic skin response was evaluated the sudomotor autonomic abnormality ratio was 28% in upper extremities, 53% in lower extremities, and 16% in upper and lower extremities together. The percentages of abnormal electrophysiological parameters in different motor and sensory nerves were 39.5% in the peroneal motor nerve, 20.9% in the median motor and sural sensory nerves, 18.6% in the median sensory nerve, 16.3% in the tibial motor nerve, 14% in the ulnar sensory nerve, and 2.3% in the ulnar motor nerve. While distal motor latency was the most frequent abnormal parameter in the median and tibial motor nerves, the amplitude changes in the peroneal and ulnar motor nerves were also prominent. In sensory evaluation, the onset latency in the median-ulnar sensory nerves and the amplitude in the sural sensory nerve were found to be evident abnormalities

RELATIONSHIP OF LEUKOARAIOSIS TO VASCULAR RISK-FACTORS AND LESION TYPE IN STROKE PATIENTS

Nonspecific periventricular white matter lucencies on computed tomograms (leukoaraiosis) were found in 49 (55%) of 89 stroke patients. We compared the vascular risk factors and the types of stroke with and without leukoaraiosis. Patients with leukoaraiosis were significantly older than those without it. The duration of hypertension was longer than those without leukoaraiosis. Mean diastolic blood pressure was associated with leukoaraiosis. No association was found with systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, heart failure, valvular disease and intermittent claudication. Patients with leukoaraiosis were significantly more likely to have lacunar infarcts on computed tomograms but were less likely to have cortical infarcts, subcortical infarcts or cerebral hemorrhage

Evaluation of autonomic nervous system functions in post-stroke patients

Objective: In this study, we aimed to investigate whether there is a sympathetic and parasympathetic system dysfunction in hemiplegic or hemiparetic patients after a cerebrovascular accident

Increased mirror movements after epileptic seizure in a case of polymicrogyria

Background: Mirror movements (MM) are involuntary movements during the voluntary movements of the contralateral homologous body parts