PHARMACOLOGY OF NOVAL CANNABINOIDS

Cannabis is a plant rich in various compounds that have a variety of impacts on the physiology of humans and the effects of these metabolites have a significant role in managing a variety of clinical diseases. A substantial increase in the use of SC (synthetic cannabinoids) had seen in the last few years especially infrequent cannabis users. The SCs will generate psychoactive effects that were similar to cannabis. However, the composition and pharmacological characteristics of these drugs make them possibly hazardous. Like all drugs, cannabis’ pharmacokinetics depends on the route of administration. Several studies showed that the bioavailability is less in oral administration when compared to inhalation. The main reason for this decrease in oral bioavailability is that cannabinoids undergo the first-pass metabolism before entering into the systemic circulation whereas in inhalation, it enters the circulation directly through the lungs. Cannabis sativa is a psychoactive plant that contains more than 500 components of which 104 cannabinoids had been identified. Of these, 2 components such as Δ9-THC (Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and CBD (cannabidol) were under the scientific investigation. Δ9-THC is the primary cannabinoid which was responsible for the consequences of psychotrophy. The potency of cannabis is assessed based on the THC concentration of a sample that is the main psychoactive cannabinoid in cannabis. The adverse effects are in direct relation to the concentration of THC in the product after regular cannabis use. It can be assumed that several cannabinoids will find their way into the pharmacies from preclinical research within a century

CRITICAL REVIEW ON AGASTHYAHAREETAKI AVALEHA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SWASAHARA KARMA

Respiratory disorders are one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide. In Ayurvedic classics many poly herbal preparations are mentioned for curing respiratory disorders. Agasthyahareetaki avaleha is one such formulation mentioned in classical text books specially indicated for curing Swasa, Kasa, Vishamajvara etc. A detailed literature survey has been conducted to explore the probable mode of action of Agasthyahareetaki Avaleha in Swasa Roga. Most of the ingredients are having anti asthmatic, anti-inflammatory, immune modulator and antimicrobial activities may works on respiratory pathology. Apart from this Katu, Tikta Rasa, Ruksa, Lagu Guna and Kaphavata hara, Swasa- Kasa- Sopha Hara property of ingredients will hamper the pathology of Swasaroga

मानवजन्य क्रियाकलाप और समुद्री मात्स्यिकी

मानवजन्य क्रियाकलाप और समुद्री मात्स्यिक

The Knowledge and attitude of breast self examination and mammography among rural women

Background: Breast cancer is major public health concern in both developing and developed countries. Mortality due to breast cancer is high in India due to late detection, lack of awareness about screening methods and nonexistence of screening programs. To determine the level of awareness regarding breast cancer. To evaluate health beliefs concerning the model that promotes breast self- examination and mammography.Methods: Cross sectional study conducted over a period of 6 months in tertiary care hospital. Study population was 200 women between the ages of 40 and 65 years. Data was collected by structured questionnaire. Champion Health Belief Susceptibility Model was applied.Results: 75.5% women did not have adequate knowledge about breast cancer. 80% had no concept of BSE and 90 % were never heard of mammography. 4.5% had mammography in last one year. Insufficient knowledge about breast cancer was 1.55 times higher in who had no breast cancer in family, 1.76 times higher in women who never practiced BSE. Significant positive co relations were found between the knowledge of breast cancer and Susceptibility, Seriousness, Breast self-Examination Benefit, Breast self-Examination Barrier, Health Motivation. Age and breast cancer in the family variables significantly associated with BSE practice.Conclusions: Lack of knowledge amongst general public, influences prevention and early diagnosis of breast cancer. Spreading awareness regarding breast cancer by educational programs through mass media is the need of the hour. By using CHBMS health care provider can understand beliefs that influence women BSE and mammography practice

Micro-agriculture techniques for the sustainable production of live feed organisms in the laboratory

Indian coastal waters harbour diverse groups of microalgae or phytoplankton such as diatoms, dinoflagellates, blue green algae, silicoflagellates and cocolithophores together constituting nearly 95% of primary production in the marine ecosystem. In mariculture, these microalgae form the main live feed organisms during the early developmental stages of commercially important marine finfishes, crustaceans and molluscs. Hence marine hatcheries maintain stock cultures of diatoms and dinoflagellates for producing mass cultures for feeding requirements. The marine hatchery complex at Calicut Research Centre of CMFRI maintains stock cultures of eight species of live feed organism

Towards understanding lamin gene regulation

The lamins are components of the nuclear lamina, which forms a fibrous meshwork lining the inner nuclear membrane. Lamina-membrane interactions play a crucial role during nuclear disassembly and reassembly at mitosis, whereas lamina-chromatin association has been proposed to be essential for chromatin organization. The composition of the lamina changes considerably during embryonic development and cell differentiation. Recent studies have provided insights into the regulation of the lamin genes

Lamin C and chromatin organization in Drosophila

Drosophila lamin C (LamC) is a developmentally regulated component of the nuclear lamina. The lamC gene is situated in the fifth intron of the essential gene tout velu (ttv). We carried out genetic analysis of lamC during development. Phenotypic analyses of RNAi-mediated downregulation of lamC expression as well as targeted misexpression of lamin C suggest a role for lamC in cell survival. Of particular interest in the context of laminopathies is the caspase-dependent apoptosis induced by the overexpression of lamin C. Interestingly, misexpression of lamin C in the central nervous system, where it is not normally expressed, did not affect organization of the nuclear lamina. lamC mutant alleles suppressed position effect variegation normally displayed at near-centromeric and telomeric regions. Further, both downregulation and misexpression of lamin C affected the distribution of heterochromatin protein 1. Our results suggest that Drosophila lamC has a tissue-specific role during development and is required for chromatin organization

How long does it take for tropical marine fish stocks to recover after declines? Case studies from the Southwest coast of India

The depletion/collapse and recovery of tropical marine fish stocks have been studied by deriving the time-series of stock status of commercially fished marine species in Karnataka. Majority of stocks (22 out of 47) showed wide fluctuations in catch whereas 15 stocks were dwindling. This analysis of catch trends (as a simple proxy for biomass estimates) shows that, in spite of consistently increasing efforts and absence of many regulatory measures, most species (66%) had fast recovery capacity within 1–5 years whereas 9% were slow to recover. The depleted and declining stocks need to be carefully monitored and conservation and rebuilding plans need to be made