Re-discussing school management processes in the light of complexity theory

In our era, organizations are trying to stay alive in complex environments. There are many reflections of complexity theory on organizations. The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of complexity on management processes. This study is based on Gregg’s management process approach. With complexity, decision-making models changed, planning is not long-termed anymore, organizations tend to be structured more horizontally, communication should be maintained with all stakeholders, coordination is created by seeing the effect of workers on the total job, effecting is based on leadership, there are different leadership styles, and evaluating can be done with stochastic approach. These reflections on management process can be discussed in terms of school management processes too. © 2018, Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature

Apoptosis in testicular tissue of rats after vasectomy: Evaluation of eNOS, iNOS immunoreactivities and the effects of ozone therapy

Objective: We aimed to investigate the changes in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and apoptotic index in rat testicular tissue, as well as serum and seminal plasma sex hormone levels after vasectomy, and the effect of ozone therapy (OT).Material and methods: Adult male Wistar rats were used (n=6 per group). Control (G1), sham for 4 weeks (G2) or 6 weeks (G3), orchiectomy at the 4th (G4) or 6th (G5) week after left vasectomy, orchiectomy at the 4th (G6) or 6th (G7) week after bilateral vasectomy, orchiectomy after 6 weeks OT following left (G8) or bilateral (G9) vasectomy, orchiectomy after 6 weeks OT (G10).Results: In the left testes, while there were increases in eNOS and iNOS immunoreactivity and apoptotic indexes in G4 and G5, no changes were observed in contralateral testis. These values increased in G6 and G7, while OT inhibited these parameters in the left testis of G8 and both testes of G9. Sex hormone levels did not show any changes after vasectomy and ozone therapy.Conclusion: While OT was found to be protective against some parameters mentioned above under stress conditions, it seemed to cause some harmful effects when used in healthy conditions. © 2014 by Turkish Association of Urology

Evaluation of contralateral kidney, liver and lung after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in rabbits

KISA, Ucler/0000-0002-8131-6810; Soyer, Tutku/0000-0003-1505-6042WOS: 000324515100010PubMed: 23728121An experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effects of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) on contralateral kidney, liver and lung by histopathological and biochemical methods. Twelve New Zealand rabbits were allocated to two groups (n = 6). Tissues of control group (CG, n = 6) were harvested without any intervention. In ESWL group (EG), right kidneys were exposed to 3,000 shock waves at 14 kV energy using electro-hydraulic type ESWL device three times every other day. Both kidneys, liver, and right lobe of lung tissues in EG were harvested on seventh day. Kidneys were examined histopathologically for presence of glomerular and tubular injury, interstitial edema, congestion, inflammation and fibrosis. Livers were examined for hepatocyte vacuolization, congestion, portal inflammation and fibrosis. Lung tissues were examined for loss of normal structure, emphysema, interstitial congestion-edema, prominent alveolar septal vessels, interstitial inflammation, intra-alveolar hemorrhage, intraluminal hemorrhage, peribronchial edema, congestion, inflammation in bronchial wall and epithelial desquamation. Biochemical analysis of tissue samples was performed for oxidative injury markers. Histopathological evaluations revealed that tubular injury was found in both shocked and contralateral kidneys (p < 0.05). EG showed higher grades of portal fibrosis in liver and higher grades of peribronchial congestion in lung when compared to CG (p < 0.05). Biochemical evaluations of both kidneys showed that malondialdehyde levels were higher in EG than in CG (p < 0.05). ESWL causes histopathologic alterations both in shocked and contralateral kidneys. Extrarenal tissues such as liver and lung can be affected by shock waves histopathologically and oxidative injury of contralateral kidney may occur acutely after ESWL.Kirikkale University Scientific Research CouncilKirikkale UniversityThis study was presented in the 29th National Congress of Turkish Pediatric Surgeons, in 2011, Istanbul, Turkey, and supported by Kirikkale University Scientific Research Council

Functional analysis of Triticum durum type 1 metallothionein gene (dMT) in response to varying levels of cadmium

The effect of varying levels of cadmium and correlated changes on the expression level of a type 1 metallothionein gene (dMT) were investigated in Triticum durum cv. Balçalı-85. Increasing the cadmium concentration resulted in a decrease in the dry weights of roots and shoots, and the effect was stronger in roots. Roots also showed a higher capacity to accumulate cadmium. Southern blot analyses revealed that the dMT gene, delineated by two exons and a non-coding intron region, exists at a single locus in the T. durum genome. Changes in dMT gene expression during cadmium exposure were monitored by two approaches. Northern blot analyses showed that the transcript level in roots increased upon treatment with increasing cadmium, which was quantified by qRT-PCR as 4.5 fold of the base level at 10 μM Cd. These results show a positive correlation between cadmium exposure and expression of dMT gene in durum wheat, and will provide a basis for studies on the role of type 1 metallothioneins in cadmium response