1,519 research outputs found
Joint Adaptive Modulation-Coding and Cooperative ARQ for Wireless Relay Networks
This paper presents a cross-layer approach to jointly design adaptive
modulation and coding (AMC) at the physical layer and cooperative truncated
automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocol at the data link layer. We first derive
an exact closed form expression for the spectral efficiency of the proposed
joint AMC-cooperative ARQ scheme. Aiming at maximizing this system performance
measure, we then optimize an AMC scheme which directly satisfies a prescribed
packet loss rate constraint at the data-link layer. The results indicate that
utilizing cooperative ARQ as a retransmission strategy, noticeably enhances the
spectral efficiency compared with the system that employs AMC alone at the
physical layer. Moreover, the proposed adaptive rate cooperative ARQ scheme
outperforms the fixed rate counterpart when the transmission modes at the
source and relay are chosen based on the channel statistics. This in turn
quantifies the possible gain achieved by joint design of AMC and ARQ in
wireless relay networks.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, To appear in the Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE
International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), Rykevick,
Island, Oct 200
Ultra-short of pico and femtosecond soliton laser pulse using microring resonator for cancer cells treatment
A system of microring resonators (MRRs) incorporating with an add/drop filter system is presented in which ultra-short single and multi temporal and spatial optical soliton pulses can be simulated and used to thermalbased killing of abnormal cells, tumor and cancer, applicable in nanomedical treatments. This proposed system uses chaotic signals generated by a bright soliton pulse within a nonlinear MRRs system. Interaction between gold nanoparticles and ultra-short femtosecond and picosecond laser pulses holds great interest in laser nanomedicine. By using the appropriate soliton input power and MRRs parameters, required spatial and temporal signals are generated spreading over the spectrum. Results obtained show that smallest single temporal and spatial soliton pulse with FWHM = 712 fs and FWHM = 17.5 pm could be generated respectively. The add/drop filter system is used to generate high capacity ultra-short soliton pulses in the range of nanometer/second and picometer/second
Delayed treatment with nimesulide reduces measures of oxidative stress following global ischemic brain injury in gerbils
Metabolism of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase is one of the primary sources of reactive oxygen species in the ischemic brain. Neuronal overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 has recently been shown to contribute to neurodegeneration following ischemic injury. In the present study, we examined the possibility that the neuroprotective effects of the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor nimesulide would depend upon reduction of oxidative stress following cerebral ischemia. Gerbils were subjected to 5 min of transient global cerebral ischemia followed by 48 h of reperfusion and markers of oxidative stress were measured in hippocampus of gerbils receiving vehicle or nimesulide treatment at three different clinically relevant doses (3, 6 or 12 mg/kg). Compared with vehicle, nimesulide significantly (P<0.05) reduced hippocampal glutathione depletion and lipid peroxidation, as assessed by the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxy-alkenals (4-HDA) and lipid hydroperoxides levels, even when the treatment was delayed until 6 h after ischemia. Biochemical evidences of nimesulide neuroprotection were supported by histofluorescence findings using the novel marker of neuronal degeneration Fluoro-Jade B. Few Fluoro-Jade B positive cells were seen in CA1 region of hippocampus in ischemic animals treated with nimesulide compared with vehicle. These results suggest that nimesulide may protect neurons by attenuating oxidative stress and reperfusion injury following the ischemic insult with a wide therapeutic window of protection
Non-equilibrium spatial distribution of Rashba spin torque in ferromagnetic metal layer
We study the spatial distribution of spin torque induced by a strong Rashba
spin-orbit coupling (RSOC) in a ferromagnetic (FM) metal layer, using the
Keldysh non-equilibrium Green's function method. In the presence of the s-d
interaction between the non-equilibrium conduction electrons and the local
magnetic moments, the RSOC effect induces a torque on the moments, which we
term as the Rashba spin torque.
A correlation between the Rashba spin torque and the spatial spin current is
presented in this work, clearly mapping the spatial distribution of Rashba Spin
torque in a nano-sized ferromagnetic device. When local magnetism is turned on,
the out-of-plane (Sz) Spin Hall effect (SHE) is disrupted, but rather
unexpectedly an in-plane (Sy) SHE is detected. We also study the effect of
Rashba strength (\alpha_R) and splitting exchange (\Delta) on the
non-equilibrium Rashba spin torque averaged over the device. Rashba spin torque
allows an efficient transfer of spin momentum such that a typical switching
field of 20 mT can be attained with a low current density of less than 10^6
A/cm^2
Life histories of dracunculoidea.
Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityThe Bracunculoida contain four genera, namely Drucunculus, Philometra, Micropleura, and Avioserpens.
Dracunculus, being the most widespread and the most important to man, has been intensely studies with specific techniques as to its mode of infection and life cycle. [TRUNCATED
Emotional vocabulary and its functioning in story of Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin “Swamp”
The article is devoted to the problem of using words of different parts of speech in a work of fiction, which call emotions in direct meaning. The method of structural and semantic analysis identified and described the emotive lexemes contained in the story of A.I. Kuprina “Swamp”. The number of emotional units has been determined by facilities of the part of speech, as a result of which it was established that emotive adjectives (102 units) are the most common in the analyzed story. The contexts of the using of words are systematized, among which the most numerous were those where words with denotative seme “emotion” are combined with non-emotional lexemes. Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the individual author's use of complex emotive adjectives. The theoretical significance of the results obtained is to identify the emotionally colored words in the story of A.I. Kuprin and their systematization by facilities of the part of speech; in clarifying of the meaning of the words of emotive semantics on the basis of their functioning in the language of a separate a work of fiction and in Russian language as a whole; in the description of contexts containing emotive vocabulary. The practical significance of the considered material is the possibility of applying of the results obtained in the practice of teaching the modern Russian language to a non-Russian audience and philological analysis of a literary text in scientific researches of this kind
Environment Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: A cointegration analysis for China
Cataloged from PDF version of article.This study examines the long-run relationship between carbon emissions and energy consumption,
income and foreign trade in the case of China by employing time series data of 1975–2005. In particular
the study aims at testing whether environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between CO2
emissions and per capita real GDP holds in the long run or not. Auto regressive distributed lag (ARDL)
methodology is employed for empirical analysis. A quadratic relationship between income and CO2
emission has been found for the sample period, supporting EKC relationship. The results of Granger
causality tests indicate one way causality runs through economic growth to CO2 emissions. The results
of this study also indicate that the carbon emissions are mainly determined by income and energy
consumption in the long run. Trade has a positive but statistically insignificant impact on CO2
emissions.
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