Enraizamiento de esquejes de olivo "Ayvalik" en varios medios

The "Ayvalik" olive cultivar, the most grown for high quality olive oil in Turkey, is generally regarded as showing very good rooting ability. However, cuttings sometimes show moderate or even poor rooting performances, a problem likely related to the use of inappropriate rooting media. The aim of this work was to determine the most successful media among those traditionally used and to identify promising alternatives. October cuttings were planted in 25 different media in two consecutive years under mist propagation conditions. Substrates such as peat, perlite, bark, pumice, sand, polystyrene beads, phenolic foam, rockwool and vermiculite were used pure or in mixtures. In the first year the highest rooting percentage (100%) and visual rating scores (5) were obtained with phenolformaldehyde foam. Perlite-vermiculite (1:1 v/v) was associated with a 95% rooting percentage in both years. The highest mean number of roots (10.8), root length (47 mm), root dry (382 mg) and fresh weights (48.3 mg), and number of secondary roots (13) were recorded in the same medium in the second year. Rockwool, peat-polystyrene (2:1 v/v) and sand-perlite (1:2 v/v) also led to more than 90% of cuttings taking root, while pure sand, peat and peat-sand mixtures gave very low (5-28%) rooting percentages. Perlite-vermiculite 1:1 (v/v) and pre-sized rockwool cubes may be appropriate alternatives to traditional sand-perlite mixtures for rooting "Ayvalik" olive cuttings.El olivo "Ayvalik" se considera que es el cultivar más extendido en Turquía como productor de aceite de mayor calidad y con una buena capacidad de enraizamiento. Sin embargo, sus esquejes muestran un enraizamiento moderado o pobre, debido probablemente a que se utilizan medios poco adecuados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los medios con mejor comportamiento entre los tradicionales y seleccionar los alternativos más prometedores. Para ello se analizaron en mist esquejes de octubre en 25 diferentes medios durante dos años consecutivos. Se utilizaron sustratos como turba, perlita, corcho, piedra pómez, arena, bolas de poliestireno, espuma fenólica, lana de roca y vermiculita, tanto solos como combinados. En el primer año, el mayor porcentaje de enraizamiento (100%) y puntuación en escala visual (5) se obtuvo con espuma de fenolformaldehído. La mezcla de perlita-vermiculita (1:1 v/v) dió un 95% de enraizamiento durante dos años consecutivos. En el segundo año, el mayor número medio de raíces (10,8), longitud (47 mm), peso de raíz seca (382 mg), peso fresco (48,3 mg) y número de raíces secundarias (13) se obtuvo con este mismo medio. Según el año, la lana de roca, turba-poliestireno (2:1 v/v) y arena-perlita (1:2 v/v) produjeron también más del 90% de enraizamiento, mientras que arena o turba solas y mezclas turba-arena dieron lugar a muy poco enraizamiento (5-28%). Se concluye que tanto la mezcla de perlita-vermiculita (1:1 v/v) como los cubos pre-embalados de lana de roca pueden ser los mejores medios alternativos a las mezclas tradicionales de arena-perlita para un buen enraizamiento de esquejes de olivo "Ayvalik"

Rooting of 'Ayvalik' olive cuttings in different media [Enraizamiento de esquejes de olivo 'Ayvalik' en varios medios]

The 'Ayvalik' olive cultivar, the most grown for high quality olive oil in Turkey, is generally regarded as showing very good rooting ability. However, cuttings sometimes show moderate or even poor rooting performances, a problem likely related to the use of inappropriate rooting media. The aim of this work was to determine the most successful media among those traditionally used and to identify promising alternatives. October cuttings were planted in 25 different media in two consecutive years under mist propagation conditions. Substrates such as peat, perlite, bark, pumice, sand, polystyrene beads, phenolic foam, rockwool and vermiculite were used pure or in mixtures. In the first year the highest rooting percentage (100%) and visual rating scores (5) were obtained with phenolformaldehyde foam. Perlite-vermiculite (1:1 v/v) was associated with a 95% rooting percentage in both years. The highest mean number of roots (10.8), root length (47 mm), root dry (382 mg) and fresh weights (48.3 mg), and number of secondary roots (13) were recorded in the same medium in the second year. Rockwool, peat-polystyrene (2:1 v/v) and sand-perlite (1:2 v/v) also led to more than 90% of cuttings taking root, while pure sand, peat and peat-sand mixtures gave very low (5-28%) rooting percentages. Perlite-vermiculite 1:1 (v/v) and pre-sized rockwool cubes may be appropriate alternatives to traditional sand-perlite mixtures for rooting 'Ayvalik' olive cuttings

Effect of 50-year reclamation on soil quality in a sand dune area of central anatolia

Reclamation studies against human-induced desertification should be maintained for a long time as the recovery of natural resources in arid and semi-arid environments asks for decades of conservation. This period is longer at sand dunes due to textural disadvantageous for providing plant nutrients, development of aggregates, structure and being very low resistant to wind erosion. Assessment of the changes in natural resource quality also requires long-term monitoring. Use of long-term studies can produce better information on the different potentials for land use and its consequences. Thus, success stories of long-term projects are important to shed light for reclamation studies in desertification sites, particularly at sand dunes which are extremely fragile against minor changes in a land management. This study outlines the changes achieved in soils and vegetation quality in a sand dune area of Central Turkey maintained since the 1960's by analytical and economical figures. Results revealed that natural vegetation provided maximum recovery in soil and vegetation quality by increasing soil organic matter and plant nutrients than afforested sites. When, the inputs are expressed in terms of economy, the annual revenue is 8 467 620 USD and for 50 years (1968-2008) the input is roughly 400 000 000 USD. Thus, the outcomes of this 50-year project set a remarkable guideline that conservation studies could be undertaken at similar sites of the world