Gelatin Properties of Goat Skin Produced by Calcium Hydroxide as Curing Material

Application of strong bases as curing materials has been widely applied in commercial gelatin industries, but the application of weak bases has not been much done. Application of strong bases as a treatment was not economical and assumed to affect human health. Studies were conducted on the properties of goat skin gelatin manufactured using weak base types of Ca(OH)2 and then compared with properties of commercial gelatin. Skins from Bligon goats of 1.5 to 2.5 years old was used as the raw materials and Ca(OH)2 100 g/l as curing materials. The 2x3 factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications was used as a design study. Two curing times (2 and 4 days) and three concentrations (3, 6, 9% v/v) were used as treatments, and commercial gelatin (pure (P) by Merck, food grade (Fg) and pharmacy standards (Ps)) were used as control. Gelatin produced from goat skins using Ca(OH)2 had properties similar to that of commercial gelatin. The heavy metals (Pb, Cu and Zn) contained in goat skin gelatin still meet the INS standards. The optimum production of gelatin has been generated through the application of 4-day curing time at a concentration of 9% (v/v)

Rancang Bangun Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah Rumah Potong Hewan (Rph) Ayam dengan Proses Biofilter

More than 90 % of Jakarta livestock supply, especially poultry, originated from outside the area. Meanwhile temporary places and slaughterhouse are spread out in some locations in Jakarta area, even most of them located in residences area. Almost all wastewater are not processed but straightly discharged to the sewer or river around the house. These spread chickens slaughterhouse activities caused environmental pollution which is difficult to control.This paper discussed about the design of wastewater process installation of chickens slaughter by biofilter anaerob-aerob process and test of its process result. Based on the test the removal efficiency of COD, Permanganate, BOD and Total Suspended Solid (TSS) were 86.52 %, 82.85 %, 88.79 % and 94.1 % respectively.

Land Acquisition by the Government and the Impact for the Community

Land acquisition, unlike the purchase of land, is the forcible take-over of privately owned land by the government known as the process by which the government acquires private property for public purposes. Sociologically, land acquisition is more detrimental to the community because damage sometimes does not meet the needs of the community thus the community clearly denies and rejects to the land ownership even though in the end the Government or the State has the power to possess land by expropriating land rights.The purpose of the recent formulated writing is to find out how the impact of the exemption of land rights carried out by the government towards the community. With regard to this issue, this study uses normative method where this study only uses legal research conducted by examining library material resources, afterwards discussion and seeking the findings are carried out hence it can be concluded that the takeover of land rights carried out by the government is liberation through land rights, reformsof land rights by firstly conducting deliberations with appropriate and fair compensation, however in itsfactual implementation the land acquisition does not proceed smoothly due to the compensation value process was immeasurably far away from what is expected by the community thus the community intends to be disadvantaged in this position. On the other hand, in concerned with preserving land, the level of people\u27s understanding on property rights as well as the orientation of the public purposes is still very degraded

Masalah Pencemaran Air Di Jakarta, Sumber Dan Alternatif Penanggulangannya

Water pollution in big cities, especially in Jakarta has become a serious problem. One of the potential reasons is home wastewater, which comes from the kitchen, bathroom, washing waste or human feaces. Limited facility for processing wastewater in the cities and bad sanitation system right now has quickens the process of water pollution, especially river and shallowunderground water pollutions. For example, general septic tank system used by the people is the one, which does not fulfill technical terms. As the land become narrow, the reservoir system is not proper anymore, because wastewater penetrated through the earth still contains high concentrated pollutant. Bacteriological pollution in shallow underground water also can be potentially caused by bad human feaces waste. As the slow development of centrally processing system of home/city wastewater is a problem, the individual process home waste water (On Site Treatment) is a new way to solve it