The Two-stage Constrained Equal Awards and Losses Rules for Multi-Issue Allocation Situation

This paper considers two-stage solutions for multi-issue allocation situations.Characterisations are provided for the two-stage constrained equal awards and constrained equal losses rules, based on the properties of composition and path independence.multi-issue allocation situations;constrained equal awards;constrained equal losses;two-stage solutions

Multiple Fund Investment Situations and Related Games

This paper deals with interactive multiple fund investment situations, in which investors can invest their capital in a number of funds.The investors, however, face some restrictions.In particular, the investment opportunities of an investor depend on the behaviour of the other investors.Moreover, the individual investment returns may differ.We consider this situation from a cooperative game theory point of view.Based on different assumptions modelling the gains of joint investment, we consider corresponding types of games and analyse their properties.We propose an explicit allocation process for the maximal total investment revenues.investment trusts;cooperative games

Conduction spectroscopy of a proximity induced superconducting topological insulator

The combination of superconductivity and the helical spin-momentum locking at the surface state of a topological insulator (TI) has been predicted to give rise to p-wave superconductivity and Majorana bound states. The superconductivity can be induced by the proximity effect of a an s-wave superconductor (S) into the TI. To probe the superconducting correlations inside the TI, dI/dV spectroscopy has been performed across such S-TI interfaces. Both the alloyed Bi$_{1.5}$Sb$_{0.5}$Te$_{1.7}$Se$_{1.3}$ and the stoichiometric BiSbTeSe$_2$ have been used as three dimensional TI. In the case of Bi$_{1.5}$Sb$_{0.5}$Te$_{1.7}$Se$_{1.3}$, the presence of disorder induced electron-electron interactions can give rise to an additional zero-bias resistance peak. For the stoichiometric BiSbTeSe$_2$ with less disorder, tunnel barriers were employed in order to enhance the signal from the interface. The general observations in the spectra of a large variety of samples are conductance dips at the induced gap voltage, combined with an increased sub-gap conductance, consistent with p-wave predictions. The induced gap voltage is typically smaller than the gap of the Nb superconducting electrode, especially in the presence of an intentional tunnel barrier. Additional uncovered spectroscopic features are oscillations that are linearly spaced in energy, as well as a possible second order parameter component.Comment: Semiconductor Science and Technology; Special Issue on Hybrid Quantum Materials and Device

The resistance of <i>Lanice conchilega</i> reefs to physical disturbance

One way to generate detailed knowledge of the response to physical disturbance is quantifying the resistance of biogenically created emergent structures towards fisheries. The biogenic structures targeted in the present study are shaped by the ecosystem engineering polychaeteLanice conchilega. Direct mortality ofL. conchilega as a consequence of sustained physical disturbance at varying frequencies has been tested to quantify the resilience of this particular reef system. Research is based on a laboratory experiment in which four different disturbance regimes were applied (disturbance every other 12, 24 and 48 h and no fishing disturbance as a control). Survival proportions were measured over time and tested with a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM). Survival dropped ignificantly after 10 and 18 days (with a disturbance frequency of every 12 and 24 h, respectively). The results indicate that L.conchilega is relatively resistant to physical disturbance but that reef systems can potentially collapse under continuous high frequency disturbance. The results of this experiment are discussed in the light of beam trawl fisheries, a common physical disturbance in areas where knowledge of the general resilience