HAL/S-360 compiler system specification

A three phase language compiler is described which produces IBM 360/370 compatible object modules and a set of simulation tables to aid in run time verification. A link edit step augments the standard OS linkage editor. A comprehensive run time system and library provide the HAL/S operating environment, error handling, a pseudo real time executive, and an extensive set of mathematical, conversion, I/O, and diagnostic routines. The specifications of the information flow and content for this system are also considered

HyperImage – Image-Oriented e-Science Networks

Images are an important source of scientific knowledge in many disciplines. E.g. you want to analyse satellite photographs or x-ray images of human livers or symbols of death in Dutch baroque paintings. You study the relevant images closely and compare details of one image with details of another. When you want to share your knowledge you will necessarily also communicate about image details. Using paper images, you can just mark up details of interest with a pencil. But with digital images you either have to make marks by employing an image manipulation software, which is not as widespread and easy to use as current text processing software is. Or you have to describe your findings verbally, such as "... above left is an interesting dark spot in picture No. 1 ... now compare it to picture No. 2 where a similar dark spot can be found nearly in the centre of the picture ..." and so on. Neither the employment of a complex image manipulation software package nor the time consuming and not very precise verbal description is satisfactory and appropriate for everyday use in science. Additionally, any technical solution to the lack of easy-to-use technology has to be Web-based in order to support collaborative research on images. The HyperImage project is concerned with the currently unsolved technical problem of establishing links between image details. Our goal is to develop a Web-based workspace that will enable scientists in any image-oriented discipline to create simple and precise links between images and image details, in a fashion similar to that which until now has been the privilege of text. The HyperImage editor permits scientists to mark details of pictures and create links between images and image details of any scale. It is programmed as a platform independent Java application and is open source (GNU Lesser General Public Licence). Any work in progress can be stored within the Hyper- Image system by an author or group of authors, or it can be exported as XML for further usage outside the HyperImage system. Currently we are testing our software prototype with our HyperImage partners from the faculties of Art History and Biology

Ambience: An Introduction

With this issue of Moveable Type, we hope to set in motion a new wave of interest in ambient literature, seeking new insight into the patterns and thematics of ambient writing and bringing to light discussions left unresolved by various critiques of ambience. Our issue theme of Ambience presents a conversation between a group of scholars, writers and reviewers who locate ambient literatures beyond apps and web browsers, identify new research trajectories, and challenge definitions of ambient literature, countering its contemporariness and reliance on technology by foregrounding precursors to ambient literature. We suggest that these developments be considered beyond a distraction or aberrant offshoot of book history; as contiguous with historic reader response practice; and that they may come to be an important component or even central element of composition and reception

An Edgeworth expansion for finite population L-statistics

In this paper, we consider the one-term Edgeworth expansion for finite population L-statistics. We provide an explicit formula for the Edgeworth correction term and give sufficient conditions for the validity of the expansion which are expressed in terms of the weight function that defines the statistics and moment conditions.Comment: 14 pages. Minor revisions. Some explanatory comments and a numerical example were added. Lith. Math. J. (to appear

Drainage water quality impacts of agricultural management practices

Investigators analyzed the impacts of liquid swine manure application, tillage, rotation and cover crops on dissolved nutrient loss in subsurface drainage. The project took place at the ISU Northeast Research Farm near Nashua. Tile drainage water samples were collected weekly for nitrate and dissolved-reactive P analysis during 2009 and 2010. Nitrate-N concentrations were highest under continuous corn receiving swine manure every year compared to other treatments. Corn-soybean rotations that received manure only before corn had lower nitrate-N concentrations compared to corn-soybean rotations that received manure before both crops. During these three years, which were not ideal for cover crop growth due to cold wet springs, nitrate concentrations in tile water from the corn-soybean system without a cover crop were similar to or slightly higher than concentrations from the corn-soybean system with a cover crop

Comparison of the Soil-Plant-Air-Water Model and the Iowa State University-Effluent Limitation Guidelines Model to Replicate Holding Basin Performance

In Iowa, all open beef feedlot operations over 1,000 head are required to have runoff control systems. Iowa regulations allow the use of vegetative treatment systems (VTS) on open beef feedlots that meet regulatory siting requirements. For a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit, the runoff control performance of VTSs must meet or exceed the performance of traditional runoff containment basins as predicted by the Iowa State University-Effluent Limitations Guideline (ISU-ELG) model. The ISU-ELG model is based on a model developed by Koelliker in 1975 to predict the performance of a holding basin at controlling feedlot runoff. In this paper, the criterion used to determine if a particular day is a “dewatering day” is investigated to determine its effect on basin performance, for wetter areas in Iowa the number of drying days has a large effect on basin performance, where as for the drier northwest region of Iowa this effect is limited. This paper compares results from the ISU-ELG model to results obtained using the Soil-Plant-Air-Water (SPAW) model to simulate traditional feedlot runoff containment basin performance. The SPAW model uses a soil moisture criterion to determine if conditions are acceptable for land application of basin effluent. The results show that the ISU-ELG model over-predicts performance of traditional containment systems in comparison to the SPAW model at all five locations investigated

Agricultural Conservation Planning Framework: 1. Developing Multipractice Watershed Planning Scenarios and Assessing Nutrient Reduction Potential

Spatial data on soils, land use, and topography, combined with knowledge of conservation effectiveness, can be used to identify alternatives to reduce nutrient discharge from small (hydrologic unit code [HUC]12) watersheds. Databases comprising soil attributes, agricultural land use, and light detection and ranging–derived elevation models were developed for two glaciated midwestern HUC12 watersheds: Iowa’s Beaver Creek watershed has an older dissected landscape, and Lime Creek in Illinois is young and less dissected. Subsurface drainage is common in both watersheds. We identified locations for conservation practices, including in-field practices (grassed waterways), edge-of-field practices (nutrient-removal wetlands, saturated buffers), and drainage-water management, by applying terrain analyses, geographic criteria, and cross-classifications to field- and watershed-scale geographic data. Cover crops were randomly distributed to fields without geographic prioritization. A set of alternative planning scenarios was developed to represent a variety of extents of implementation among these practices. The scenarios were assessed for nutrient reduction potential using a spreadsheet approach to calculate the average nutrient-removal efficiency required among the practices included in each scenario to achieve a 40% NO3–N reduction. Results were evaluated in the context of the Iowa Nutrient Reduction Strategy, which reviewed nutrient-removal efficiencies of practices and established the 40% NO3–N reduction as Iowa’s target for Gulf of Mexico hypoxia mitigation by agriculture. In both test watersheds, planning scenarios that could potentially achieve the targeted NO3–N reduction but remov