How to Compute Modulo Prime-Power Sums

The problem of computing modulo prime-power sums is investigated in distributed source coding as well as computation over Multiple-Access Channel (MAC). We build upon group codes and present a new class of codes called Quasi Group Codes (QGC). A QGC is a subset of a group code. These codes are not closed under the group addition. We investigate some properties of QGC's, and provide a packing and a covering bound. Next, we use these bounds to derived achievable rates for distributed source coding as well as computation over MAC. We show that strict improvements over the previously known schemes can be obtained using QGC's

A New Achievable Rate Region for Multiple-Access Channel with States

The problem of reliable communication over the multiple-access channel (MAC) with states is investigated. We propose a new coding scheme for this problem which uses quasi-group codes (QGC). We derive a new computable single-letter characterization of the achievable rate region. As an example, we investigate the problem of doubly-dirty MAC with modulo-$4$ addition. It is shown that the sum-rate $R_1+R_2=1$ bits per channel use is achievable using the new scheme. Whereas, the natural extension of the Gel'fand-Pinsker scheme, sum-rates greater than $0.32$ are not achievable.Comment: 13 pages, ISIT 201

EVALUATION OF THE RELATION BETWEEN PELVIC FRACTURE AND ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT SYNDROME IN TRAUMA PATIENTS WHO REFERED TO NEMAZEE HOSPITAL IN SHIRAZ

Introduction & Objective: Multiple factors can lead to increase in acute abdominal pressure and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS), such as increase in retroperitoneal volume due to pancreatitis, bleeding and edema due to pelvic fracture. It is observed that sometimes pelvic ring fracture or an open book fracture of pelvic can cause a huge pelvic hematoma in retroperitoneal space that causes abdominal compartment syndrome. Primary ACS problem is often observed during the first 24 hours after sever abdominal and pelvic trauma and surgery. Clinicians, especially nurses, should remember the risk factors for intra abdomen hypertension and should be vigilant to avoid the progression to abdominal compartment syndrome. By measuring the Intra-abdominal pressure through the bladder, we can provide a quick and accurate assessment of abdominal pressure changes and this can be performed by emergency or critical care nurses without a specific medical order or sophisticated invasive monitoring equipment. Regarding this matter that ACS is a very lethal condition. This study’s survey had the intention of finding the relationship between pelvic fracture and abdominal compartment syndrome in trauma patients who refer to Nemazee hospital in Shiraz. Materials & Methods: This research was a descriptive- analytical study that was performed to survey the relationship between pelvic fracture and abdominal compartment syndrome in patients with severe abdominal trauma and pelvic fracture in Nemazee hospital in 2008. Tools for data collection included check list consisting of demographic information and other data required for this research and also intra abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement instruments. The IAP was measured in patients with abdominal trauma who referred to emergency ward via folley catheter indwelling in bladder and pelvic fracture confirmed with pelvic X-ray. Collected data was analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: Of 100 patients with abdominal trauma referred whose abdominal pressure was measured, 28 patients had abdominal compartment syndrome. According to associated injury with abdominal trauma 19% of all patient (19 persons) and 46.42% of the patient with abdominal compartment syndrome (13 persons) had pelvic fracture. Using of qi-sqare test revealed that the relationship between pelvic fracture and incidence rate of abdominal compartment syndrome was significant (P < 0.001). Conclusions: According to our collected data pelvic fracture due to trauma can one of the important causes of increase intra abdominal pressure and abdominal compartment syndrome. In this lethal condition prevention is better than cure. By serial measuring, the Intra abdominal pressure through the bladder in patients at risk, such as pelvic fracture by trauma, nurses can recognize this condition and decrease incidence of mortality

Effect of self-care training program on quality of life of elders‏

Background & Aims: Nowadays the elderly population is growing all over the world. Diseases and conditions resulting from this evolutionary process can be costly to governments and cause many disabilities which severly affect the erderly’s quality of life. This study aims to determine the effect of self-care training program on quality of life of elderly. Material & Methods: It is a controlled randomized trial which was carried out on 60 elderly referred to Omid’s elderly care center in Borougen city. After convenience sampling, the elderly were randomly assigned to two groups of experimental (n=30) and control (n= 30) groups. The experimental group participated in a three months self- care training program. Data was collected by the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and analyzed using SPSS-PC (v.11). Results: The findings showed a significant difference in the mean scores of quality of life between the experimental and control groups (P<0.05) after intervention. Conclusion: Self- care education to elderly about the practices of proper nutrition, exercise, rest and medication can prevent a lot of problems and help them to improve their quality of life

Prevalence of needle sticks exposure in operation room’s staff of Borujen & Lordegan hospitals - 2010-2011

Background and objective: Needle stick is one of the most causes that expose health care workers to blood infectious diseases such as hepatitis B & C and also HIV. Operation rooms are among working places for personnel to the risk of exposure with scalpel injuries. Therefore, this study performed to assess the needle stick exposure in operation room’s staff of Borujen and Lordegan hospitals. Material and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 77 operation room’s staff of Borujen Valiasr and Lordegan Seyedalshohada hospital. Data were obtained by needle stick questionnaire that was designed by researchers. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and chi square in spss15 software. Results: Results showed that 42.85% of volunteers were male and 57.15% were female. the needle stick exposure was not significantly differ between males and females. Of questioned staff 45.45% had history of needle stick exposure at least for 1 occasion. Most common cause of damage was needle of syringe, suture scalp and bistury. 100% of staff was agreed regarding establishment of training courses about prevention of needle stick. Conclusion: According to the high prevalence of needle stick in OR, it seems that establishment and perform of courses about prevention of needle stick is very necessary

An Assessment of the Effect of Recitation of the Quran on Exam Anxiety in Nursing and Emergency Medicine Students‏

Background & Objective: Anxiety is a feeling of apprehension caused by the feeling of being at risk and can affect the performance of an individual. Today, exam anxiety is increasingly observed among educated people and this situation causes a loss of concentration. Faith increases confidence and patience and strength to deal with problems. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of recitation of the Quran on exam anxiety in nursing and emergency medicine students. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study performed on nursing and emergency medicine students of Borujen School of Medical Emergency Nursing, Iran. The purposive sampling method was used in the present study and all students participated in this study. The courses presented during one semester for each field of study were randomly divided into two groups. An audio of Maryam Surah, verses 1 to 26, were played for one group before the midterm exams and the other group before the end of term exams for 5 minutes. Data collection was performed using a demographic questionnaire and Spiel berger’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) before all exams. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and analytic statistics (such as independent t-test and paired t-test) in SPSS software. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean levels of apparent anxiety in nursing students during exams without Quran recitation was 48.73±13.52 and during exams with Quran recitation was 44.72±15.26. The average level of hidden anxiety during exams without Quran recitation was 43.33 ± 9.61 and in exams with Quran recitation was 41.36±11.99. A statistically significant difference was observed among these averages (P<0.05). The mean levels of apparent anxiety in emergency medicine students during exams without Quran recitation was 41±12.98 and during exams with Quran recitation was 39.11±11.82. The average level of hidden anxiety during exams without Quran recitation was 41.33±8.78 and during exams with Quran recitation was 38.46±11.01. A statistically significant difference was observed among these averages (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results showed that the sound of the Quran before exams can reduce students’ anxiety levels. Therefore, it is recommended that managers and policy makers consider the results of this study, and play audios of the Quran before exams in order to reduce stress but also take steps to promote familiarity with the Quran