Phylogenetic position of an uncharacterized Brazilian strain of bovine papillomavirus in the genus Xipapillomavirus based on sequencing of the L1 open reading frame

The use of PCR assays with degenerate primers has suggested the existence of numerous as yet uncharacterized bovine papillomaviruses (BPV). Despite the endemic nature of BPV infections, the identification of BPV types in Brazilian cattle is still only sporadic. However, in a recent analysis of a partial segment of the L1 gene, we observed notable diversity among the BPV types detected. The aim of this study was to determine the phylogenetic position of the previously identified wild strain BPV/BR-UEL2 detected in the state of Paraná in Brazil. Since previous analysis of the partial L1 sequence had shown that this strain was most closely related to BPV type 4, genus-specific primers were designed. Phylogenetic analysis using complete L1 ORF sequences revealed that BPV/BR-UEL2 was related to BPV types classified in the genus Xipapillomavirus and shared the highest L1 nucleotide sequence similarity with BPV type 4 (78%). This finding suggests that BPV/BR-UEL2 should be classified as a potential new type of BPV in the genus Xipapillomavirus

Complete genome sequence of Deltapapillomavirus 4 (bovine papillomavirus 2) from a bovine papillomavirus lesion in Amazon Region, Brazil

The complete genome sequence of bovine papillomavirus 2 (BPV2) from Brazilian Amazon Region was determined using multiple-primed rolling circle amplification followed by Illumina sequencing. The genome is 7,947 bp long, with 45.9% GC content. It encodes seven early (E1, E2,E4, E5, E6,E7, and E8) and two late (L1 and L2) genes. The complete genome of a BPV2 can help in future studies since this BPV type is highly reported worldwide although the lack of complete genome sequences available

Multiple bovine papillomavirus infections associated with cutaneous papillomatosis in brazilian cattle herds

Cutaneous papillomatosis is a pathological condition commonly found in cattle and is characterized by the presence of benign proliferative tumors caused by bovine papillomavirus (BPV) infection. While multiple infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) are common in healthy and immunodeficient humans, studies with the aim of identifying mixed infections are still sporadic in veterinary medicine. The aim of this study is to describe the occurrence of multiple BPV infections in cattle affected by cutaneous papillomatosis. Fifteen skin warts were collected from at least two diverse anatomical regions of six bovines with papillomatosis belonging to three cattle herds from the Paraná state in Brazil. The BPV types present in the skin wart samples were determined by a PCR assay performed with the FAP primer pair for partial L1 gene amplification followed by direct sequencing or by cloning and sequencing of the inserts. Sequence analysis of the obtained amplicons allowed the identification of four characterized BPV types (BPV-1, -2, -6, and -8) and three previously described putative new BPV types (BPV/BR-UEL3, BPV/BR-UEL4, and BPV/BR-UEL5). Double infections were identified in four (A, B, D, and E) of the six animals included in this study. In this work, the strategy adopted to evaluate skin warts from diverse anatomical sites of the same animal allowed the identification of multiple infections with two or three different BPV types. The analysis of four animals belonging to a single cattle herd also showed the presence of six different viral types. These results clearly suggest that both multiple papillomaviral infection and a high viral diversity can be as frequent in cattle as in human beings.<br>A papilomatose cutânea é comumente observada nos rebanhos bovinos e caracterizada pela presença de tumores proliferativos benignos causados pela infecção pelo papilomavírus bovino (BPV). Enquanto a infecção múltipla pelo papilomavírus humano (HPV) é um achado comum tanto em seres humanos saudáveis quanto em pacientes com imunodeficiência, na medicina veterinária esses relatos ainda são escassos. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever a ocorrência de infecções múltiplas pelo BPV em rebanhos afetados pela papilomatose cutânea. Quinze papilomas foram obtidos, de pelo menos duas regiões anatômicas diferentes, de seis bovinos com papilomatose e provenientes de três rebanhos de corte localizados no estado do Paraná, Brasil. Os tipos virais presentes nas lesões foram identificados por PCR, utilizando o par de oligonucleotídeos iniciadores FAP, seguidos de sequenciamento direto ou clonagem e novo sequenciamento dos insertos. A análise das sequências obtidas permitiu a identificação do BPV-1, -2, -6 e -8, além de supostos novos tipos (BPV/BR-UEL3, BPV/BR-UEL4, e BPV/BR-UEL5), descritos anteriormente. Infecções por dois tipos diferentes de BPV foram identificadas em quatro animais (A, B, D e E) dos seis incluídos nesse estudo. A estratégia adotada neste estudo permitiu a identificação de infecção múltipla por dois ou três diferentes tipos virais do BPV no mesmo animal. Além disso, a avaliação de quatro animais de um mesmo rebanho demonstrou a presença de seis tipos virais circulantes. Esses resultados sugerem que tanto as infecções múltiplas quanto a grande diversidade viral podem ser frequentes nos bovinos, assim como o observado nos humanos. O reconhecimento da multiplicidade e complexidade das infecções pelo BPV pode colaborar para o entendimento dos aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e imunológicos da papilomatose cutânea nos rebanhos bovinos