1,397 research outputs found
A Composite Genome Approach to Identify Phylogenetically Informative Data from Next-Generation Sequencing
We have developed a novel method to rapidly obtain homologous genomic data
for phylogenetics directly from next-generation sequencing reads without the
use of a reference genome. This software, called SISRS, avoids the time
consuming steps of de novo whole genome assembly, genome-genome alignment, and
annotation. For simulations SISRS is able to identify large numbers of loci
containing variable sites with phylogenetic signal. For genomic data from apes,
SISRS identified thousands of variable sites, from which we produced an
accurate phylogeny. Finally, we used SISRS to identify phylogenetic markers
that we used to estimate the phylogeny of placental mammals. We recovered
phylogenies from multiple datasets that were consistent with previous
conflicting estimates of the relationships among mammals. SISRS is open source
and freely available at https://github.com/rachelss/SISRS.Comment: 12 pages plus36 figures, 1 supplementary table, 3 supplementary
figure
Examining the role of faith community groups with sexual offenders: A systematic review
The aim of this paper is to examine the role of faith-based communities and activities in helping those convicted of sexual offending to desist from crime and reintegrate back into their communities. It was found that much of the current research is limited to non-offending juvenile populations. Where research has been carried out on adult offenders, these tend to be custodial cases and exclude those convicted of sexual offending. The role of religious and spiritual groups in helping people convicted of sexual offending to desist from crime, while reintegrating into the community is, therefore, unknown. A number of parallels between the factors needed to promote desistance from sexual offending and the conditions encountered when engaged with a faith community are outlined. We would note that a religious and spiritual environment can: promote motivation to change, provide access to pro-social peers, offer moral guidance, provide a support network, and help bring meaning into people's lives. The potential for people to use faith-based communities or organizations to facilitate offending are also considered. Finally, implications for probation work and future research are also discussed
Warrantless Arrest Jurisdiction In Texas: An Analysis And A Proposal
Within the State of Texas, there exist a great number of âpeace officersâ who are granted a wide range of power and authority. This includes the power to make warrantless arrests and searches pursuant to those arrests. Significant ambiguity exists regarding a peace officerâs jurisdiction. The confusion is largely due to imprecise statutory language and varying judicial interpretations.
Article 998 of Texas Revised Civil Statutes, for example, bestowed on city police officers the same powers, authority, and jurisdiction as city marshals. The statute, though, neglected to define the extent of that jurisdiction, or even what âjurisdictionâ meant in that context. Article 999, which defined the duties and powers of city marshals, endowed city marshals with âlike power, authority, and jurisdiction as the sheriff.â A cursory reading of these articles could lead to the understanding that a city police officer had countywide jurisdiction. In Angel v. State, the court considered the arrest jurisdiction of Tomball city police officers who observed a suspect operating what was later determined to be a stolen road paving machine outside the city limits of Tomball, but within Harris County. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals concluded that the interweaving of loosely worded statutes, specifically articles 998 and 999, evidences the legislatureâs intent to expand the common law jurisdiction of city police officers to the entire county.
A city police officerâs territorial jurisdiction for arrest purposes is an issue unduly and unnecessarily complicated by the courtâs tracing of ambiguous statutory provisions, and the potential for a similar result exists for other kinds of peace officers
Effective risk management planning for those convicted of sexual offending
Purpose â The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which risk is addressed in the risk management planning process of those convicted of sexual offending.
Design/methodology/approach â Data were collected from a risk assessment and management system called the Offender Assessment System (OASys), used by the National Offender Management Service, in England and Wales. The records of 216 clients were accessed and each risk management plan analysed. The study aimed to understand if first, general and sexual risk factors identified by assessors were recorded and detailed in subsequent plans; second, if specialist sexual offending risk assessment tools were used to inform risk management strategies; and third, if both a balance of control and support mechanisms were in place to tackle identified risk and needs of clients.
Findings â Inconsistencies were found in relation to practitioners transposing risks identified, into the subsequent risk management plans. Strategies were therefore deemed, inadequate as there was a significant omission of the use of specialist sexual risk assessment tools to inform and ensure risk assessment to be robust. In addition risk management plans were often overbearing in nature, as assessors tended to utilise control strategies to assist the reintegration process, in contrast to a combination of both control and support.
Research limitations/implications â This sample was taken from only one probation trust in England and Wales. The findings might therefore be unique to this organisation rather than be representative of national practice. This study should therefore, be replicated in a number of other probation areas. In addition, it is important to note that this study only reviewed one electronic tool used by practitioners. Therefore, while it might appear for example that the RM2000 tool was not routinely completed; this cannot be assumed as practitioners might have adopted local custom and practice, recording RM2000 scores elsewhere.
Practical implications â These findings highlight the need for some understanding as to why there is a lack of consistency throughout the risk management planning process. Practitioners should receive ongoing risk management training, development and supportive supervision. In particular, practitioners require supervision that supports and develops their skills when applying RM2000 classifications to their clientsâ risk management plans. Likewise initiatives which develop practitionerâs awareness and application of strengths based approaches such as the Good Lives Model should be encouraged. These will help practitioners develop plans that address both the risks while supporting their development of the strengths a client presents.
Originality/value â To the authorsâ knowledge, this is the first study of its kind, which examines the risk management plans of those convicted of sexual offending, completed by practitioners in England and Wales using the OASys tool
Book Review: First World Hunger Revisited: Food Charity or the Right to Food? Second Edition, edited by Graham Riches and Tiina Silvasti
Steven Harkins finds that this book is a useful resource for students of both the practical challenges posed by food poverty and also the philosophical questions that the issue raises: do people have a right to food in wealthy food-secure countries
Book Review: Footballâs Dark Side: Corruption, Homophobia, Violence and Racism in the Beautiful Game by Ellis Cashmore and Jamie Cleland
In Footballâs Dark Side, Ellis Cashmore and Jamie Cleland draw together the views of thousands of football fans on the game they love, but which they know has an unpleasant underside. This book offers a series of theoretical perspectives on the âdark sideâ of football which will be of great interest to students of cultural studies and sociology, concludes Steven Harkins
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