Validation d’une méthode de dénombrement de la concentration en cellules somatiques du lait de vache au moyen du Coulter Counter® modèle Z2

Depuis longtemps utilisé pour le suivi sanitaire et la gestion technique des troupeaux laitiers, le résultat du comptage cellulaire de tank et donc indirectement du comptage cellulaire individuel est devenu un critère officiel pour le paiement du lait et le contrôle laitier. L’étude est consacrée à l’évaluation d’un compteur à particules : le Coulter Counter® modèle Z2. Après calibrage primaire et étalonnage de l’appareil, une évaluation de ses performances a été réalisée par la détermination de la justesse, de la fidélité et des critères d’appréciation des analyses sur des échantillons de laits de quartiers. Pour l’appréciation de la justesse, les échantillons de lait ont été dénombrés au préalable par numération microscopique selon la méthode de Prescott et Breed (1910). Les résultats obtenus ont révélé une bonne corrélation (CC = 0,94) avec un coefficient de variation de 3,17 %. La fidélité, évaluée sur la base de la répétabilité (0,2 %) et de la reproductibilité (0,8 %) est de 1 %. Ces valeurs sont nettement inférieures aux normes préconisées par la Fédération Internationale de Laiterie (1995). La valeur diagnostique du matériel utilisé se trouve confirmée par les valeurs de 0,96 et 0,87 % obtenues respectivement pour la sensibilité et la spécificité. La confirmation de la qualité du matériel employé laisse entrevoir son utilisation possible à large échelle dans la Wilaya de Blida. À ce titre il constitue un outil irremplaçable de contrôle de la qualité et de valorisation du lait.Peer reviewe

Pengembangan Booklet Pembuatan Yoghurt Kulit Buah Naga untuk Para Petani Buah Berbasis pada Hasil Penelitian

People have not use dragon fruit peel and only thrown away as waste product. The using of the dragon fruit peel as processed product for food diversity have not been done. A sort of as processed food base on the dragon fruit peel by used of lactic acid bacteria is yoghurt from the dragon fruit peel. This booklet is done based on the research result about yoghurt from dragon fruit peel. This booklet is done for the fruit farmers comunities. The booklet content are: the yoghurt advantage, the instruction to make yoghurt, the tool and material for make the yoghurt, the yoghurt packaging, and the yoghurt marketing strategy. The research development method is observational method with the steps as described by Hannafin and Peck (1998). The validation results from the validator and booklet readable result of the fruit farmers communities shows that this booklets have very interesting quality, very suitable and very effective to use. This booklet is worthy to use and distributed as counseling media for the fruit farmers communities.Masyarakat belum memanfaatkan kulit buah naga dan hanya dibuang sebagai limbah. Pemanfaatan limbah kulit buah naga untuk produk olahan dalam rangka penganekaragaman pangan sampai saat ini masih belum dilakukan. Kulit buah naga memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang bermanfaat untuk pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat. Salah satu bentuk makanan olahan dengan bahan dasar kulit buah naga dengan memanfaatkan bakteri asam laktat ialah yoghurt kulit buah naga. Booklet ini disusun berdasarkan hasil penelitian mengenai pembuatan yoghurt kulit buah naga. Booklet disusun untuk komunitas petani buah. Booklet berisi materi-materi tentang manfaat yoghurt dan petunjuk pembuatan yoghurt, alat dan bahan yang digunakan untuk membuat yoghurt, cara mengemas yoghurt dan strategi pemasaran yoghurt. Metode penelitian pengembangan ialah metode observasional dengan urutan langkah seperti yang dijelaskan oleh Hannafin dan Peck (1998). Hasil validasi dari para validator dan uji keterbacaan booklet oleh masyarakat petani buah menunjukkan bahwa booklet yang disusun memiliki kualifikasi sangat menarik, sangat sesuai, dan sangat efektif untuk digunakan. Booklet yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dan dapat disebarluaskan sebagai media penyuluhan kepada masyarakat petani buah

First lithographic results from the extreme ultraviolet Engineering Test Stand

The extreme ultraviolet ͑EUV͒ Engineering Test Stand ͑ETS͒ is a step-and-scan lithography tool that operates at a wavelength of 13.4 nm. It has been developed to demonstrate full-field EUV imaging and acquire system learning for equipment manufacturers to develop commercial tools. The initial integration of the tool is being carried out using a developmental set of projection optics, while a second, higher-quality, projection optics is being assembled and characterized in a parallel effort. We present here the first lithographic results from the ETS, which include both static and scanned resist images of 100 nm dense and isolated features throughout the ring field of the projection optics. Accurate lithographic models have been developed and compared with the experimental results

Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in women with high-risk endometrial cancer (PORTEC-3): patterns of recurrence and post-hoc survival analysis of a randomised phase 3 trial

Background: The PORTEC-3 trial investigated the benefit of combined adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy versus pelvic radiotherapy alone for women with high-risk endometrial cancer. We updated the analysis to investigate patterns of recurrence and did a post-hoc survival analysis. // Methods: In the multicentre randomised phase 3 PORTEC-3 trial, women with high-risk endometrial cancer were eligible if they had International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 stage I, endometrioid grade 3 cancer with deep myometrial invasion or lymphovascular space invasion, or both; stage II or III disease; or stage I–III disease with serous or clear cell histology; were aged 18 years and older; and had a WHO performance status of 0–2. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive radiotherapy alone (48·6 Gy in 1·8 Gy fractions given on 5 days per week) or chemoradiotherapy (two cycles of cisplatin 50 mg/m2 given intravenously during radiotherapy, followed by four cycles of carboplatin AUC5 and paclitaxel 175 mg/m2 given intravenously), by use of a biased coin minimisation procedure with stratification for participating centre, lymphadenectomy, stage, and histological type. The co-primary endpoints were overall survival and failure-free survival. Secondary endpoints of vaginal, pelvic, and distant recurrence were analysed according to the first site of recurrence. Survival endpoints were analysed by intention-to-treat, and adjusted for stratification factors. Competing risk methods were used for failure-free survival and recurrence. We did a post-hoc analysis to analyse patterns of recurrence with 1 additional year of follow-up. The study was closed on Dec 20, 2013; follow-up is ongoing. This study is registered with ISRCTN, number ISRCTN14387080, and ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00411138. // Findings: Between Nov 23, 2006, and Dec 20, 2013, 686 women were enrolled, of whom 660 were eligible and evaluable (330 in the chemoradiotherapy group, and 330 in the radiotherapy-alone group). At a median follow-up of 72·6 months (IQR 59·9–85·6), 5-year overall survival was 81·4% (95% CI 77·2–85·8) with chemoradiotherapy versus 76·1% (71·6–80·9) with radiotherapy alone (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0·70 [95% CI 0·51–0·97], p=0·034), and 5-year failure-free survival was 76·5% (95% CI 71·5–80·7) versus 69·1% (63·8–73·8; HR 0·70 [0·52–0·94], p=0·016). Distant metastases were the first site of recurrence in most patients with a relapse, occurring in 78 of 330 women (5-year probability 21·4%; 95% CI 17·3–26·3) in the chemoradiotherapy group versus 98 of 330 (5-year probability 29·1%; 24·4–34·3) in the radiotherapy-alone group (HR 0·74 [95% CI 0·55–0·99]; p=0·047). Isolated vaginal recurrence was the first site of recurrence in one patient (0·3%; 95% CI 0·0–2·1) in both groups (HR 0·99 [95% CI 0·06–15·90]; p=0·99), and isolated pelvic recurrence was the first site of recurrence in three women (0·9% [95% CI 0·3–2·8]) in the chemoradiotherapy group versus four (0·9% [95% CI 0·3–2·8]) in the radiotherapy-alone group (HR 0·75 [95% CI 0·17–3·33]; p=0·71). At 5 years, only one grade 4 adverse event (ileus or obstruction) was reported (in the chemoradiotherapy group). At 5 years, reported grade 3 adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups, occurring in 16 (8%) of 201 women in the chemoradiotherapy group versus ten (5%) of 187 in the radiotherapy-alone group (p=0·24). The most common grade 3 adverse event was hypertension (in four [2%] women in both groups). At 5 years, grade 2 or worse adverse events were reported in 76 (38%) of 201 women in the chemoradiotherapy group versus 43 (23%) of 187 in the radiotherapy-alone group (p=0·002). Sensory neuropathy persisted more often after chemoradiotherapy than after radiotherapy alone, with 5-year rates of grade 2 or worse neuropathy of 6% (13 of 201 women) versus 0% (0 of 187). No treatment-related deaths were reported. // Interpretation: This updated analysis shows significantly improved overall survival and failure-free survival with chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone. This treatment schedule should be discussed and recommended, especially for women with stage III or serous cancers, or both, as part of shared decision making between doctors and patients. Follow-up is ongoing to evaluate long-term survival

Reproductive characteristics of female trypanotolerant N'Dama

Les connaissances relatives à la reproduction de la femelle N'Dama demeurent anciennes et fort générales, les observations ayant été le plus souvent réalisées sur un nombre limité d'animaux et dans des contextes différents. Cet état des lieux confirme la nécessité de poursuivre et d'intensifier de manière aussi fédérée que possible les études visant à préciser davantage les caractéristiques et les performances de reproduction de cet important potentiel de développement de l’élevage bovin que représente la N'Dama pour l’Afrique.Knowledge about the reproductive N’Dama remain old and very general, observations have been most often performed on a limited number of animals and in different contexts. This inventory confirms the need to continue and intensify so as federated possible studies to further clarify the characteristcs and reproductive performance of this important development potential of cattle that represents the N’Dama to Africa

African freshwater eel species (Anguilla spp.) identification through DNA barcoding

Freshwater eels (Anguilla spp.) have a long and complex catadromous life cycle. This unique feature, coupled with difficulty in separating species based on morphology, makes them complex targets for conservation. In this study we evaluated the utility of DNA barcoding using cytochrome oxidase I (COI) to delimit the four species of African eels found in the western Indian Ocean region. We collected 76 individual fin clips from the four eel species (A. mossambica, n = 51; A. marmorata, n = 17; A. bengalensis, n = 6; A. bicolor, n = 2) in the rivers of KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa, in 2016–18. Phylogenetic analysis of the COI sequences recovered all four species as monophyletic. Barcoding gap analyses were performed and there was no found overlap in inter- and intraspecific genetic distances. Consequently, the use of COI barcoding as an identification tool was found to be reliable for identifying African eels to the species level, which suggests that this marker should be included in future environmental DNA or metabarcoding studies

Effect of milk yield and milk content curve shapes on first lactation survival in large herds

peer reviewedGenetic parameters of first lactation survival and curve shape traits of milk yield, fat and protein percentages were estimated using information of 25,981 primiparous Tunisian Holsteins belonging to large herds. For each trait lactation peak, apparent persistency, real persistency and level of production adjusted to 305 days in milk were defined. Variance components were estimated under three bivariate animal models with a linear random regression model. Milk yield as well as fat and protein percentages were modelled by fixed herd × test day interaction effects, fixed classes of 25 days in milk × age of calving × season of calving interaction effects, random environment effects, and random additive genetic effects. Survival was modelled by fixed herd × year of calving interaction effects, age of calving × season of calving interaction effects, random environment permanent effects, and random additive genetic effects. Heritability estimates were 0.03 for survival, 0.23, 0.29 and 0.30 for average milk yield, fat and protein percentages adjusted to 305 days in milk, respectively. Genetic correlations between survival and average milk yield, fat and protein percentages adjusted to 305 days in milk were 0.33, -0.33 and -0.14, respectively. Genetic correlations between survival and real persistency for fat and protein percentages were -0.24 and -0.15, respectively. Cows that had higher persistencies for fat and protein percentages, and therefore flatter fat and protein percentages curves, were more likely not to survive. This was due to higher fat percentages at the end of the lactation leading to the hypothesis that cows producing higher fat percentage dispose of less energy available for gestation and were therefore less likely to be or remain pregnant and, therefore, to survive