14,946 research outputs found
Vector and scalar form factors for K- and D-meson semileptonic decays from twisted mass fermions with Nf = 2
We present lattice results for the form factors relevant in the K -> pion and
D -> pion semileptonic decays, obtained from simulations with two flavors of
dynamical twisted-mass fermions and pion masses as light as 260 MeV. For K ->
pion decays we discuss the estimates of the main sources of systematic
uncertainties, including the quenching of the strange quark, leading to our
final result f+(0) = 0.9560 (57) (62). Combined with the latest experimental
data, our value of f+(0) implies for the CKM matrix element |Vus| the value
0.2267 (5) (20) consistent with the first-row CKM unitarity. For D -> pion
decays the application of Heavy Meson Chiral Perturbation Theory allows to
extrapolate our results for both the scalar and the vector form factors at the
physical point with quite good accuracy, obtaining a nice agreement with the
experimental data. In particular at zero-momentum transfer we obtain f+(0) =
0.64 (5).Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, proceedings of the XXVII Int'l Symposium
on Lattice Field Theory (LAT2009), July 26-31 2009, Peking University,
Beijing (China
GRB060218 as a Tidal Disruption of a White Dwarf by an Intermediate Mass Black Hole
A highly unusual pair of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) GRB060218 and an associated
supernova SN2006aj has puzzled theorists for years. A supernova shock breakout
and a jet from a newborn stellar mass compact object were put forward to
explain its multiwavelength signature. We propose that the source is naturally
explained by another channel, a tidal disruption of a white dwarf (WD) by an
intermediate mass black hole (IMBH). The tidal disruption is accompanied by a
tidal pinching, which leads to the ignition of a WD and a supernova. Some
debris falls back onto the IMBH, forms a disk, which quickly amplifies the
magnetic field, and launches a jet. We successfully fit soft X-ray spectrum
with the Comptonized blackbody emission from a jet photosphere. The optical/UV
emission is consistent with self-absorbed synchrotron from the expanding jet
front. The accretion rate temporal dependence Mdot(t) in a tidal disruption
provides a good fit to soft X-ray lightcurve. The IMBH mass is found to be
about 10^4Msun in three independent estimates: (1) fitting tidal disruption
Mdot(t) to soft X-ray lightcurve; (2) computing the jet base radius in a jet
photospheric emission model; (3) inferring the central BH mass based on a host
dwarf galaxy stellar mass. The supernova position is consistent with the center
of the host galaxy, while low supernova ejecta mass is consistent with a WD
mass. High expected rate of tidal disruptions in dwarf galaxies is consistent
with one source observed by Swift satellite over several years at GRB060218
distance of 150Mpc. The encounters with the WDs provide a lot of fuel for IMBH
growth.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figures, accepted to ApJ, minor change
Single hole dynamics in dimerized spin liquids
The dynamics of a single hole in quantum antiferromagnets is influenced by
magnetic fluctuations. In the present work we consider two situations. The
first one corresponds to a single hole in the two leg t-J spin ladder. In this
case the wave function renormalization is relatively small and the
quasiparticle residue of the S=1/2 state remains close to unity. However at
large t/J there are higher spin (S=3/2,5/2,..) bound states of the hole with
the magnetic excitations, and therefore there is a crossover from
quasiparticles with S=1/2 to quasiparticles with higher spin.
The second situation corresponds to a single hole in two coupled
antiferromagnetic planes very close to the point of antiferromagnetic
instability. In this case the hole wave function renormalization is very strong
and the quasiparticle residue vanishes at the point of instability.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Degradation of glucose-1-C14 and a possible new step in the mechanism of fermentation
The availability of glucose-1-c14 has permitted the verification of a scheme of glucose degradation applied to sugars formed in photosynthesis to determine the distribution of isotopic carbon within the sugar. As a result of the present investigation, there appears to be a second, though minor, pathway of fermentation of the test organism, Lactobacillus casei
Generalized Hamiltonian structures for Ermakov systems
We construct Poisson structures for Ermakov systems, using the Ermakov
invariant as the Hamiltonian. Two classes of Poisson structures are obtained,
one of them degenerate, in which case we derive the Casimir functions. In some
situations, the existence of Casimir functions can give rise to superintegrable
Ermakov systems. Finally, we characterize the cases where linearization of the
equations of motion is possible
Interplay of size and Landau quantizations in the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations of metallic nanowires
We examine the interplay between size quantization and Landau quantization in
the De Haas-Van Alphen oscillations of clean, metallic nanowires in a
longitudinal magnetic field for `hard' boundary conditions, i.e. those of an
infinite round well, as opposed to the `soft' parabolically confined boundary
conditions previously treated in Alexandrov and Kabanov (Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf
95}, 076601 (2005) (AK)). We find that there exist {\em two} fundamental
frequencies as opposed to the one found in bulk systems and the three
frequencies found by AK with soft boundary counditions. In addition, we find
that the additional `magic resonances' of AK may be also observed in the
infinite well case, though they are now damped. We also compare the numerically
generated energy spectrum of the infinite well potential with that of our
analytic approximation, and compare calculations of the oscillatory portions of
the thermodynamic quantities for both models.Comment: Title changed, paper streamlined on suggestion of referrees, typos
corrected, numerical error in figs 2 and 3 corrected and final result
simplified -- two not three frequencies (as in the previous version) are
observed. Abstract altered accordingly. Submitted to Physical Review
On the Hamiltonian structure of Ermakov systems
A canonical Hamiltonian formalism is derived for a class of Ermakov systems
specified by several different frequency functions. This class of systems
comprises all known cases of Hamiltonian Ermakov systems and can always be
reduced to quadratures. The Hamiltonian structure is explored to find exact
solutions for the Calogero system and for a noncentral potential with dynamic
symmetry. Some generalizations of these systems possessing exact solutions are
also identified and solved
Nonlinear structures: explosive, soliton and shock in a quantum electron-positron-ion magnetoplasma
Theoretical and numerical studies are performed for the nonlinear structures
(explosive, solitons and shock) in quantum electron-positron-ion
magnetoplasmas. For this purpose, the reductive perturbation method is employed
to the quantum hydrodynamical equations and the Poisson equation, obtaining
extended quantum Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation. The latter has been solved using
the generalized expansion method to obtain a set of analytical solutions, which
reflect the possibility of the propagation of various nonlinear structures. The
relevance of the present investigation to the white dwarfs is highlighted.Comment: 7 figure
Properties of neutral mesons in a hot and magnetized quark matter
The properties of non-interacting and mesons are studied
at finite temperature, chemical potential and in the presence of a constant
magnetic field. To do this, the energy dispersion relations of these particles,
including nontrivial form factors, are derived using a derivative expansion of
the effective action of a two-flavor, hot and magnetized Nambu--Jona-Lasinio
(NJL) model up to second order. The temperature dependence of the pole and
screening masses as well as the directional refraction indices of magnetized
neutral mesons are explored for fixed magnetic fields and chemical potentials.
It is shown that, because of the explicit breaking of the Lorentz invariance by
the magnetic field, the refraction index and the screening mass of neutral
mesons exhibit a certain anisotropy in the transverse and longitudinal
directions with respect to the direction of the external magnetic field. In
contrast to their longitudinal refraction indices, the transverse indices of
the neutral mesons are larger than unity.Comment: V1: 26 pages, 15 figures; V2: Discussions improved, references added.
Version accepted for publication in PR
Quantum kinetic theory of the filamentation instability
The quantum electromagnetic dielectric tensor for a multi species plasma is
re-derived from the gauge invariant Wigner-Maxwell system and presented under a
form very similar to the classical one. The resulting expression is then
applied to a quantum kinetic theory of the electromagnetic filamentation
instability. Comparison is made with the quantum fluid theory including a Bohm
pressure term, and with the cold classical plasma result. A number of
analytical expressions are derived for the cutoff wave vector, the largest
growth rate and the most unstable wave vector
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