A LITERATURE REVIEW ON ANUKTA DRAVYA AND ITS PARIBHASA: STRATEGY TO UNDERSTAND THE CONFINES OF ANUKTA

Ayurveda deals with the Dravya, Guna and Karma of helpful and harmful materials (...yatascha aayushyyaani anaayushyani cha dravyagunakarma ani vedayatyato apyaayurvedaha….). It is not possible to speak about everything every time but one should decide their specific and own application as per necessities and should determine appropriately. The entities which are not much important and unavailable and if unavailable are not discussed it remains Anukta. Need of Anukta aushadi dravya is important because there is no material which cannot be used as drug (Jagat evam anoushadam). Anukta literally means unsaid, unuttered. In the context where nothing is clearly said, Anukta is taken as standard parameter. It helps not only in understanding the classical concepts but also becomes base for understanding the new diseases, drugs and treatment principles and so on. Problem facing related to Anukta dravya is Pratyaksham hi alpam, apratyaksham hi analpam i.e., known is less, unkown is more. Problem facing is difficulty in assessment of new drug in all aspects Naama, Rupa, Guna, Karma, Prayoga. Already we find scattered references regarding guidelines to know Anukta dravya based on classical text mainly according to Charaka. So this proper perception fulfils the scarcity of classical references to know the Anukta dravya, which in turn may help to take a clinical research based on this literary research

Impact of Cyclone Amphan on marine fisheries of West Bengal

West Bengal has three coastal districts, namely, North 24-Praganas, South 24-Praganas and East Medinipur with a coastline of 158 km. With 59 marine fish landing centres, 76,981 fishermen households comprising of 3.8 lakh fisherfolks who are mostly traditional fishermen (Marine Fisheries Census, 2010) West Bengal contributes about 6-8% of the total marine fish landings of India. The predominantly exploited resources are Bombay duck, anchovies, Hilsa, ribbon fishes, sciaenids, pomfrets, catfishes, flatfishes, penaeid and non-penaeid prawns. Cyclones and storm surges are frequently occurring natural calamities in the stat

Fishery and stock assessment of the three-spot swimming crab Portunus sanguinolentus (Herbst, 1783) off Veraval, Gujarat

The fishery and stock characteristics of Portunus sanguinolentus was studied during 2009-2010 from Veraval waters. The average annual landing was 322 t, which constituted about 40% of the total edible crab landings at Veraval. Length-weight relationship showed isometric growth. L∞, K and t0 estimated were 178.7 mm, 1.2 yr-1 and -0.08 yr, respectively. Total mortality rate (Z), fishing mortality rate (F) and natural mortality rate (M) were estimated to be 4.69 yr-1, 2.85 yr-1 and 1.84 yr-1, respectively. The estimated length at capture (L50) and length at maturity (LM50) were 101.33 mm and 96.89 mm, respectively, indicating that the crabs enter into peak exploitation phase after attaining sexual maturity. The species is a continuous spawner and shows peak recruitment during May and August. The current exploitation rate (Ecur) was found to be 0.61 which is equal to E0.1 estimated by Beverton and Holt yield per recruit analysis. Thompson and Bell bio-economic analysis showed that species can be exploited at the present level to maintain the revenue from the fishery at economic level

Economic efficiency indicators of multi-day trawl fleet in Digha, northeast coast of India

Digha Mohana is a major fish landing and auction centre on the Northeast coast of India that supports livelihood and contributes to fisheries export. Trawl fishing is the major fishing operation observed in the region, where multi-day operations (MD) less than six days and > 6 days are in practice. In this study, we collected primary data on input and output factors in these two fleets to investigate the economic efficiency in fishing operations for 2018-2019

Feeding habits of milk shark, Rhizoprionodon acutus (Ruppell, 1837) in the Gujarat coastal waters of north-eastern Arabian Sea

The feeding habit of milk shark Rhizoprionodon acutus was investigated in 684 specimens collected along Gujarat coast (India) of north-eastern Arabian Sea from January 2013 to December 2014. The length range of females was 32–89.6 cm and males 33.5–89 cm. The shark foraged on diversified prey items which were pooled into four distinct groups i.e., teleosts, crustaceans, mollusks and annelids. Teleosts (Dietary coefficient, %QI = 83.05 and index of relative importance, %IRI = 78.40) were found to be the preferred food items followed by crustaceans (%QI = 16.21; %IRI = 19.78), which formed the secondary food item group. Mollusks (%QI = 0.74; %IRI = 1.69) and annelids (%QI = 0.01; %IRI = 0.14) constituted the accidental or accessory food items. The species, though is a pelagic predator, probably performs vertical movements in search of prey items. The shark also showed some sorts of preference and selectivity for clupeids, engraulids and carangids. Females though showed significantly lower index of relative fullness (IRF) (P ≤ 0.5) and comparatively lower vacuity index and lower mean number of preys per stomach compared to the males, the preference for prey items was not found to be significantly different between the females and males. Juveniles were found to have significantly higher IRF (P ≤ 0.5) and comparatively higher vacuity index than that of the adults, whereas the mean preys per stomach was found to be lower than that of the adults. Moreover, the prey preference was also significantly different between the juveniles and adults. The study provides necessary baseline information about the feeding habits of the shark in the region which will be helpful in understanding the trophodynamics of the species under the influence of overfishing and climate change

Capture based aquaculture of spiny lobster in sea cages: A new livelihood opportunity for the 'sidi' adivasi tribal people in Gujarat, India

Gujarat is one of the most important maritime states of the country having the longest coast line of about 1,640 km and a very broad continental shelf. The state has been bestowed with highly productive and diversifi ed ecosystems and considered as one of the leading marine fi sh producing states of India, with fi sheries providing livelihoods for more than 400,000 people directly and indirectly. However, over the last few years the marine fi sh production of the state has been relatively static at around half a million tonnes and has been showing signs of being fully exploited. However, as the state has a wide continental self it also has significant potential for mariculture. Owing to the economic importance and availability of seeds of spiny lobster, an open sea cage culture demonstration of Panulirus polyphagus was carried out involving Sidi tribes as a major stakeholder

Reproductive biology and diet of the grey sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhinidae) from the north-eastern Arabian Sea

Information on reproductive biology is presented for the grey sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon oligolinx Springer, 1964 (Chondrichthyes: Carcharhiniformes), collected off the north-west coast of India in the Arabian Sea. A total of 711 individuals, of 27.0 to 93.0 cm total length (TL), 180 to 2600 g total weight (TW) were used for the study. The length-weight relationships were significantly different between the sexes. The size-at-maturity (Lm50) for females and males was estimated to be 62.3 and 59.5 cm TL respectively. Number of embryos ranged from 1 to 7 and the size at birth was estimated between 25 to 30 cm TL. Overall sex ratio favoured the females slightly at the rate of 1.27:1. There was significant positive correlation between maternal TL and number of embryos (p<0.001). Dietary analysis of stomach contents (%IRI) revealed that R. oligolinx feeds primarily on teleosts (95.5%), cephalopods (3.2%) and crustaceans (1.2%). This study presents the first detailed biological observation on size, sex composition, size-at-maturity (Lm50) and length-weight relationship of R. oligolinx from the northern Arabian Sea

Note on a large sized Indian squid landed

Indian squid, Uroteuthis (Photololigo) duvauceli (Orbigny, 1835) locally called as Narsingha, forms an important cephalopod resource in Gujarat. The present specimen was collected on 20th January 2017 from the Veraval Fishing Harbour caught by a singleday trawler operating at a depth zone of 40 to 60 m off Gujarat coast. The particular trawler also landed about 20 kg of considerably bigger size squids. U. (P.) duvauceli show differential allometric growth and the asymptotic length for male is higher than females, whereas the female grows faster compared to males

Commercially Important Rays and Skates of Gujarat

Commercially Important Rays and Skates of Gujara

Experimental cultivation of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii using net-tube method

Kappaphycus alvarezii an economically important red tropical seaweed, is used as significant source for carrageenan that is used in various food, pharmaceutical, industrial and biotechnological applications. The commercial cultivation of K. alvarezii was initiated in the Philippines in the year 1960 and later it was introduced in many countries including India for experimental or commercial cultivation. The rapid growth rates, easy dispersal and ways to cultivate K. alvarezii makes the species adaptable and flourish in new habitats. It is reported that the species can double its biomass in 15-30 day