Magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer

Prostate cancer is one of the causes of cancer-related deaths. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides the best soft tissue resolution and plays an important role in the management of prostate cancer patients. It is the recommended imaging modality for patients with prostate cancer, and it is clinically indicated for diagnosis, staging, tumor localization, detection of tumor aggressiveness, follow-up, and MRI-guided interventions. Multiparametric MRI includes T1- and high-resolution T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. We evaluated MR images of patients with prostate cancer who underwent multiparametric endorectal MRI on a 3.0-T scanner and presented demonstrative images. © 2016 Elsevier Inc

Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy: Should it be perceived as the Virchow's node of head and neck tumors?

PubMed ID: 25531718Background: In this study, we aimed to determine the correlation between supraclavicular lymph node involvement (SLNI) and metastatic potential, frequency, and metastases predilection sites in patients diagnosed with various head and neck tumors (HNT) and staged via positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/ CT) imaging. We also investigated the impact of different variables on SLNI. Patients and Methods: 270 patients diagnosed with HNT were enrolled in the study (194 males and 96 females, mean age 54.9 ± 14.7 years (range 18-89 years)). Results: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma demonstrated significant SLNI (p < 0.01); however, other subtypes of HNT did not. In all HNT studied, no apparent metastatic predilection tendency for the supraclavicular region was observed, as opposed to the well-described Virchow's node. Age, gender, tumor size, and systemic metastases were not identified as statistically significant variables contributing to SLNI. Multivariate regression analysis revealed an increased cervical (p < 0.01) and thoracic (p = 0.001) lymph node involvement in patients with SLNI. Conclusion: SLNI with the possibility of metastasis was more frequently observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, advancing the nodal status without significantly influencing the T and M stages. A careful evaluation of this very small region is of critical importance for proper nodal staging in nasopharyngeal cancer patients. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Freiburg

Multiple Sclerosis

Background: Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) can be determined on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and they may be associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions.Purpose: The objective was to evaluate the MRI findings of DVAs in the brain, to compare the prevalence of them between MS patients and control subjects, and to investigate the correlation of DVA-associated fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities and MRI-derived parameters between MS patients and control subjects having DVA.Methods: Total 160 patients with a mean age of 45 +/- 16 years who underwent multiparametric MRI including susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), diffusion-weighted imaging, 3D FLAIR, and contrast-enhanced imaging were included in this retrospective study. First, the presence of DVA was compared between the MS and control groups using the Chi-square test. Then, among the subjects having DVA, age, gender, and MRI-derived parameters such as the signal increase of DVA on FLAIR, location, and drainage of DVA were compared between the MS and control groups using Chi-square test.Results: The presence of DVA did not differ between the MS and control groups (P = 0.828). Signal increase around DVA on FLAIR (P = 0.03) and the age of less than 45 years demonstrated a significant correlation with MS group (P = 0.022).Conclusion: In our study, DVAs were effectively detected using SWI and 3D contrast-enhanced T-1-weighted imaging on MRI. The signal increase of DVA was better revealed on 3D FLAIR on MRI, and it was the only significant MRI-derived parameter in patients with MS.C1 [Sagtas, Ergin; Yavas, Huseyin Gokhan; Cakmak, Pinar; Ufuk, Furkan] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, Denizli, Turkey.[Guneyli, Serkan] Koc Univ, Dept Radiol, Sch Med, Davutpasa Cad,4 Topkapi, TR-34010 Istanbul, Turkey.[Akyilmaz, Dincer Aydin] Gaziantep Hatem Hosp, Dept Radiol, Gaziantep, Turkey

Magnetic resonance enterography with oral mannitol solution: Diagnostic efficacy and image quality in Crohn disease

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic efficacy and image quality of magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) using oral mannitol solution for the evaluation Crohn disease (CD). Materials and methods We retrospectively evaluated MRE examinations of 153 patients with an assumed or definitive diagnosis of CD. There were 65 men and 88 women, with a mean age of 35.7 years (range: 6–73 years). MRE findings of the patients were compared to histopathologic results obtained by surgery-fiberoptic endoscopy. The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficacy rate were calculated. Additionally, image quality of MRE was evaluated using a four-point scale (1 = excellent, 4 = poor/non-diagnostic). Results Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic efficacy were 92.5%, 93% and 92.8%, respectively. Six patients had false-positive and five patients had false-negative findings. Three falsely positive patients had ulcerative colitis and three had non-specific terminal ileitis. A total of 765 small bowel segments were analyzed; 475 (62%) had an image quality score of 1 and 15 (2%), an image quality score of 4. Conclusion MRE using oral mannitol solution provides excellent image quality for MRE and has high degrees of diagnostic efficacy in CD patients. © 2017 Editions françaises de radiologi

Diagnostic accuracy and effective radiation dose of high pitch dual source multidetector computed tomography in evaluation of coronary artery bypass graft patency

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and effective radiation dose (ERD) of high pitch dual source multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patency. Materials and methods: Fourty-five patients who underwent 128 × 2-slice MDCT angiography with a prospective electrocardiogram-triggering, low-dose, high pitch, dual source, flash spiral acquisition mode after CABG surgery were included in the study. The interobserver agreement of the image quality was evaluated with Cohen ? value. The image quality was compared to the heart rates (HRs) using Mann–Whitney U test and to the graft segments using ? 2 test. The findings for the CABG patency on MDCT were compared to those determined on catheter coronary angiography. Dose-length product (DLP) and ERD were compared to the gender, HRs, and body mass index (BMI) of the patients using Kruskall Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests. Results: A total of 110 grafts and 330 vessel segments were evaluated with a good interobserver agreement (? = 0.80). The image quality was better in proximal and middle graft segments (p &lt; 0.05), as well as in the patients with low HRs (p &lt; 0.05). High pitch MDCT had the following sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy for evaluation of graft patency: 92.8, 99.3, 92.8, 99.3 and 98.8 %, respectively. ERD was correlated to the HRs and BMI. Conclusions: High pitch 128 × 2-slice dual source CT angiography is a noninvasive imaging modality, and it can be safely and effectively used in evaluation of CABG patency with lower radiation dose. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Wien

Spinal seeding of choroid plexus papilloma

[No abstract available

Congenital and acquired renal arteriovenous malformations: Curative embolization with onyx

Renal arteriovenous malformations are rare, as is their embolization with Onyx. Endovascular curative embolization of renal arteriovenous malformations with Onyx is a relatively new procedure. Herein we present two cases of congenital and one case of acquired renal arteriovenous malformation embolized with Onyx 18 and their good results in the follow-up period. We used detachable microcatheters, which may be more advantageous than the nondetachable ones, during the superselective embolizations. Onyx, as an efficient embolic material, can be commonly used for curative embolization of the renal arteriovenous malformations. © 2016, Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Iranian Society of Radiology

The incidence of contrast medium-induced nephropathy following endovascular aortic aneurysm repair: assessment of risk factors

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of contrast medium-induced nephropathy (CIN) and risk factors for CIN following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair or thoracic endovascular aortic aneurysm repair. Materials and methods: After exclusion criteria, 139 (121 males, 18 females) patients aged 20–86 (median 65.5) years who underwent endovascular aortic aneurysm repair between January 2002 and September 2013 were included in this retrospective study. CIN, with ?25 % increase in serum creatinine levels within 3 days after contrast medium administration, was compared to the patients’ demographics, risk factors, type and complexity of the endovascular operation, parameters regarding to the contrast medium, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and preoperative and early postoperative serum parameters. Statistical analyses were performed with Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ?2 and Student’s t tests. Results: CIN, detected in 39 of 139 patients (28 %), was correlated with preoperative eGFR &lt;60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (P = 0.04) and high preoperative and postoperative serum urea and creatinine levels. Postoperative serum urea levels (P &lt; 0.001) were significant in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: In patients undergoing endovascular aortic aneurysm repair, CIN was correlated with preoperative and postoperative renal impairment, while it was not correlated with the contrast medium dose. © 2015, Japan Radiological Society