172 research outputs found
Further discussions on the security of a nominative signature scheme
A nominative signature scheme allows a nominator (or signer) and a nominee (or veri¯er) to jointly generate and publish a signature in such a way that only the nominee can verify the signature and if nec- essary, only the nominee can prove to a third party that the signature is valid. In a recent work, Huang and Wang proposed a new nominative signature scheme which, in addition to the above properties, only allows the nominee to convert a nominative signature to a publicly veri¯able one. In ACISP 2005, Susilo and Mu presented several algorithms and claimed that these algorithms can be used by the nominator to verify the validity of a published nominative signature, show to a third party that the signature is valid, and also convert the signature to a publicly veri¯able one, all without any help from the nominee. In this paper, we point out that Susilo and Mu\u27s attacks are actually incomplete and in- accurate. In particular, we show that there exists no e±cient algorithm for a nominator to check the validity of a signature if this signature is generated by the nominator and the nominee honestly and the Decisional Di±e-Hellman Problem is hard. On the other hand, we point out that the Huang-Wang scheme is indeed insecure, since there is an attack that allows the nominator to generate valid nominative signatures alone and prove the validity of such signatures to a third party
Candidate Type II Quasars at 2 < z < 4.3 in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III
At low redshifts, dust-obscured quasars often have strong yet narrow
permitted lines in the rest-frame optical and ultraviolet, excited by the
central active nucleus, earning the designation Type II quasars. We present a
sample of 145 candidate Type II quasars at redshifts between 2 and 4.3,
encompassing the epoch at which quasar activity peaked in the universe. These
objects, selected from the quasar sample of the Baryon Oscillation
Spectroscopic Survey of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III, are characterized by
weak continuum in the rest-frame ultraviolet (typical continuum magnitude of i
\approx 22) and strong lines of CIV and Ly \alpha, with Full Width at Half
Maximum less than 2000 kms-1. The continuum magnitudes correspond to an
absolute magnitude of -23 or brighter at redshift 3, too bright to be due
exclusively to the host galaxies of these objects. Roughly one third of the
objects are detected in the shorter-wavelength bands of the WISE survey; the
spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of these objects appear to be intermediate
between classic Type I and Type II quasars seen at lower redshift. Five objects
are detected at rest frame 6\mu m by Spitzer, implying bolometric luminosities
of several times 10^46 erg s-1. We have obtained polarization measurements for
two objects; they are roughly 3% polarized. We suggest that these objects are
luminous quasars, with modest dust extinction (A_V ~ 0.5 mag), whose
ultraviolet continuum also includes a substantial scattering contribution.
Alternatively, the line of sight to the central engines of these objects may be
partially obscured by optically thick material.Comment: 26 pages, 13 figures, 10 tables, 4 machine readable tables. Accepted
for publication in MNRA
The Redshift Search Receiver 3 mm Wavelength Spectra of 10 Galaxies
The 3 mm wavelength spectra of 10 galaxies have been obtained at the Five
College Radio Astronomy Observatory using a new, very broadband receiver and
spectrometer, called the Redshift Search Receiver (RSR). The RSR has an
instantaneous bandwidth of 37 GHz covering frequencies from 74 to 111 GHz, and
has a spectral resolution of 31 MHz (~100 km/s). During tests of the RSR on the
FCRAO 14 m telescope the complete 3 mm spectra of the central regions of NGC
253, Maffei 2, NGC1068, IC 342, M82, NGC 3079, NGC 3690, NGC 4258, Arp 220 and
NGC 6240 were obtained. Within the wavelength band covered by the RSR, 20
spectral lines from 14 different atomic and molecular species were detected.
Based on simultaneous fits to the spectrum of each galaxy, a number of key
molecular line ratios are derived. A simple model which assumes the emission
arises from an ensemble of Milky Way-like Giant Nolecular Cloud cores can
adequately fit the observed line ratios using molecular abundances based on
Galactic molecular cloud cores. Variations seen in some line ratios, such as
13CO/HCN and HCO+/HCN, can be explained if the mean density of the molecular
gas varies from galaxy to galaxy. However, NGC 3690, NGC 4258 and NGC 6240 show
very large HCO+/HCN ratios and require significant abundance enhancement of
HCO+ over HCN, possible due to the proximity to active galactic nucleus
activity. Finally, the mass of dense molecular gas is estimated and we infer
that 25-85 % of the total molecular gas in the central regions of these
galaxies must have densities greater than 10^4 cm^-3.Comment: accepted for publication in A.
An Investigation of the Dust Content in the Galaxy pair NGC 1512/1510 from Near-Infrared to Millimeter Wavelengths
We combine new ASTE/AzTEC 1.1 mm maps of the galaxy pair NGC 1512/1510 with
archival Spitzer IRAC and MIPS images covering the wavelength range 3.6--160 um
from the SINGS project to derive accurate dust masses in each galaxy, and in
sub--galactic regions in NGC 1512. The two galaxies form a pair consisting of a
large, high--metallicity spiral (NGC 1512) and a low metallicity, blue compact
dwarf (NGC 1510). The derived total dust masses are (2.4+/-0.6) 10^7 Msun and
(1.7+/-3.6) 10^5 Msun for NGC 1512 and NGC 1510, respectively. The derived
ratio of dust mass to H I gas mass for the galaxy pair (0.0034) is much lower
than expected, while regions within NGC 1512, specifically the central region
and the arms, do not show such unusually low ratios; furthermore, the
dust--to--gas ratio is within expectations for NGC 1510. These results suggest
that a fraction of the H I included in the determination of the M_d/M_HI ratio
of the NGC 1512/1510 pair is not associated with the star forming disks/regions
of either galaxy. We also perform simple two--temperature (warm + cold)
modified--blackbody fits to the far--infrared/mm data. The warm dust
temperature of the low--metallicity NGC 1510 (~36 K) is substantially higher
than that of the high--metallicity NGC 1512 (~24 K). In both galaxies, a
substantial fraction (>93%) of the total dust mass is in a cool dust component,
with temperatures 14--16 K for NGC 1512 and 15--24 K for NGC 1510. In contrast,
the warm dust in the arms and central regions of NGC 1512 represents a much
larger fraction of the total dust content, in agreement with the fact that all
three regions have higher specific star formation rates than the average in the
galaxy.Comment: 33 pages, 4 figures, 4 tables, accepted for publication in A
The Complete Genome Sequence and Analysis of the Epsilonproteobacterium Arcobacter butzleri
BACKGROUND: Arcobacter butzleri is a member of the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria and a close taxonomic relative of established pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori. Here we present the complete genome sequence of the human clinical isolate, A. butzleri strain RM4018. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Arcobacter butzleri is a member of the Campylobacteraceae, but the majority of its proteome is most similar to those of Sulfuromonas denitrificans and Wolinella succinogenes, both members of the Helicobacteraceae, and those of the deep-sea vent Epsilonproteobacteria Sulfurovum and Nitratiruptor. In addition, many of the genes and pathways described here, e.g. those involved in signal transduction and sulfur metabolism, have been identified previously within the epsilon subdivision only in S. denitrificans, W. succinogenes, Sulfurovum, and/or Nitratiruptor, or are unique to the subdivision. In addition, the analyses indicated also that a substantial proportion of the A. butzleri genome is devoted to growth and survival under diverse environmental conditions, with a large number of respiration-associated proteins, signal transduction and chemotaxis proteins and proteins involved in DNA repair and adaptation. To investigate the genomic diversity of A. butzleri strains, we constructed an A. butzleri DNA microarray comprising 2238 genes from strain RM4018. Comparative genomic indexing analysis of 12 additional A. butzleri strains identified both the core genes of A. butzleri and intraspecies hypervariable regions, where <70% of the genes were present in at least two strains. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The presence of pathways and loci associated often with non-host-associated organisms, as well as genes associated with virulence, suggests that A. butzleri is a free-living, water-borne organism that might be classified rightfully as an emerging pathogen. The genome sequence and analyses presented in this study are an important first step in understanding the physiology and genetics of this organism, which constitutes a bridge between the environment and mammalian hosts
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Somatic SF3B1 hotspot mutation in prolactinomas.
The genetic basis and corresponding clinical relevance of prolactinomas remain poorly understood. Here, we perform whole genome sequencing (WGS) on 21 patients with prolactinomas to detect somatic mutations and then validate the mutations with digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of tissue samples from 227 prolactinomas. We identify the same hotspot somatic mutation in splicing factor 3 subunit B1 (SF3B1R625H) in 19.8% of prolactinomas. These patients with mutant prolactinomas display higher prolactin (PRL) levels (p = 0.02) and shorter progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.02) compared to patients without the mutation. Moreover, we identify that the SF3B1R625H mutation causes aberrant splicing of estrogen related receptor gamma (ESRRG), which results in stronger binding of pituitary-specific positive transcription factor 1 (Pit-1), leading to excessive PRL secretion. Thus our study validates an important mutation and elucidates a potential mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of prolactinomas that may lead to the development of targeted therapeutics
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