562 research outputs found
Instruments and channels in quantum information theory
While a positive operator valued measure gives the probabilities in a quantum
measurement, an instrument gives both the probabilities and the a posteriori
states. By interpreting the instrument as a quantum channel and by using the
typical inequalities for the quantum and classical relative entropies, many
bounds on the classical information extracted in a quantum measurement, of the
type of Holevo's bound, are obtained in a unified manner.Comment: 12 pages, revtex
Neuroimaging genomics in psychiatryâa translational approach
Neuroimaging genomics is a relatively new field focused on integrating genomic and imaging data in order to investigate the mechanisms underlying brain phenotypes and neuropsychiatric disorders. While early work in neuroimaging genomics focused on mapping the associations of candidate gene variants with neuroimaging measures in small cohorts, the lack of reproducible results inspired better-powered and unbiased large-scale approaches. Notably, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of brain imaging in thousands of individuals around the world have led to a range of promising findings. Extensions of such approaches are now addressing epigenetics, gene-gene epistasis, and gene-environment interactions, not only in brain structure, but also in brain function. Complementary developments in systems biology might facilitate the translation of findings from basic neuroscience and neuroimaging genomics to clinical practice. Here, we review recent approaches in neuroimaging genomics-we highlight the latest discoveries, discuss advantages and limitations of current approaches, and consider directions by which the field can move forward to shed light on brain disorders
Perturbation theory of the space-time non-commutative real scalar field theories
The perturbative framework of the space-time non-commutative real scalar
field theory is formulated, based on the unitary S-matrix. Unitarity of the
S-matrix is explicitly checked order by order using the Heisenberg picture of
Lagrangian formalism of the second quantized operators, with the emphasis of
the so-called minimal realization of the time-ordering step function and of the
importance of the -time ordering. The Feynman rule is established and is
presented using scalar field theory. It is shown that the divergence
structure of space-time non-commutative theory is the same as the one of
space-space non-commutative theory, while there is no UV-IR mixing problem in
this space-time non-commutative theory.Comment: Latex 26 pages, notations modified, add reference
Characterization of radiolytically generated degradation products in the strip section of a TRUEX flowsheet
This report presents a summary of the work performed to meet the FCRD level 2 milestone M3FT-13IN0302053, âIdentification of TRUEX Strip Degradation.â The INL radiolysis test loop has been used to identify radiolytically generated degradation products in the strip section of the TRUEX flowsheet. These data were used to evaluate impact of the formation of radiolytic degradation products in the strip section upon the efficacy of the TRUEX flowsheet for the recovery of trivalent actinides and lanthanides from acidic solution. The nominal composition of the TRUEX solvent used in this study is 0.2 M CMPO and 1.4 M TBP dissolved in n-dodecane and the nominal composition of the TRUEX strip solution is 1.5 M lactic acid and 0.050 M diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid. Gamma irradiation of a mixture of TRUEX process solvent and stripping solution in the test loop does not adversely impact flowsheet performance as measured by stripping americium ratios. The observed increase in americium stripping distribution ratios with increasing absorbed dose indicates the radiolytic production of organic soluble degradation compounds
Noncommutative deformation of four dimensional Einstein gravity
We construct a model for noncommutative gravity in four dimensions, which
reduces to the Einstein-Hilbert action in the commutative limit. Our proposal
is based on a gauge formulation of gravity with constraints. While the action
is metric independent, the constraints insure that it is not topological. We
find that the choice of the gauge group and of the constraints are crucial to
recover a correct deformation of standard gravity. Using the Seiberg-Witten map
the whole theory is described in terms of the vierbeins and of the Lorentz
transformations of its commutative counterpart. We solve explicitly the
constraints and exhibit the first order noncommutative corrections to the
Einstein-Hilbert action.Comment: LaTex, 11 pages, comments added, to appear in Classical and Quantum
Gravit
Hamiltonian dynamics and spectral theory for spin-oscillators
We study the Hamiltonian dynamics and spectral theory of spin-oscillators.
Because of their rich structure, spin-oscillators display fairly general
properties of integrable systems with two degrees of freedom. Spin-oscillators
have infinitely many transversally elliptic singularities, exactly one
elliptic-elliptic singularity and one focus-focus singularity. The most
interesting dynamical features of integrable systems, and in particular of
spin-oscillators, are encoded in their singularities. In the first part of the
paper we study the symplectic dynamics around the focus-focus singularity. In
the second part of the paper we quantize the coupled spin-oscillators systems
and study their spectral theory. The paper combines techniques from
semiclassical analysis with differential geometric methods.Comment: 32 page
Dirac versus Reduced Quantization of the Poincar\'{e} Symmetry in Scalar Electrodynamics
The generators of the Poincar\'{e} symmetry of scalar electrodynamics are
quantized in the functional Schr\"{o}dinger representation. We show that the
factor ordering which corresponds to (minimal) Dirac quantization preserves the
Poincar\'{e} algebra, but (minimal) reduced quantization does not. In the
latter, there is a van Hove anomaly in the boost-boost commutator, which we
evaluate explicitly to lowest order in a heat kernel expansion using zeta
function regularization. We illuminate the crucial role played by the gauge
orbit volume element in the analysis. Our results demonstrate that preservation
of extra symmetries at the quantum level is sometimes a useful criterion to
select between inequivalent, but nevertheless self-consistent, quantization
schemes.Comment: 24 page
Noncommutative gravity coupled to fermions: second order expansion via Seiberg-Witten map
We use the Seiberg-Witten map (SW map) to expand noncommutative gravity
coupled to fermions in terms of ordinary commuting fields. The action is
invariant under general coordinate transformations and local Lorentz rotations,
and has the same degrees of freedom as the commutative gravity action. The
expansion is given up to second order in the noncommutativity parameter
{\theta}. A geometric reformulation and generalization of the SW map is
presented that applies to any abelian twist. Compatibility of the map with
hermiticity and charge conjugation conditions is proven. The action is shown to
be real and invariant under charge conjugation at all orders in {\theta}. This
implies the bosonic part of the action to be even in {\theta}, while the
fermionic part is even in {\theta} for Majorana fermions.Comment: 27 pages, LaTeX. Revised version with proof of charge conjugation
symmetry of the NC action and its parity under theta --> - theta (see new
sect. 2.6, sect. 6 and app. B). References added. arXiv admin note:
substantial text overlap with arXiv:0902.381
Cosmological perturbations and short distance physics from Noncommutative Geometry
We investigate the possible effects on the evolution of perturbations in the
inflationary epoch due to short distance physics. We introduce a suitable non
local action for the inflaton field, suggested by Noncommutative Geometry, and
obtained by adopting a generalized star product on a Friedmann-Robertson-Walker
background. In particular, we study how the presence of a length scale where
spacetime becomes noncommutative affects the gaussianity and isotropy
properties of fluctuations, and the corresponding effects on the Cosmic
Microwave Background spectrum.Comment: Published version, 16 page
A finite model of two-dimensional ideal hydrodynamics
A finite-dimensional su() Lie algebra equation is discussed that in the
infinite limit (giving the area preserving diffeomorphism group) tends to
the two-dimensional, inviscid vorticity equation on the torus. The equation is
numerically integrated, for various values of , and the time evolution of an
(interpolated) stream function is compared with that obtained from a simple
mode truncation of the continuum equation. The time averaged vorticity moments
and correlation functions are compared with canonical ensemble averages.Comment: (25 p., 7 figures, not included. MUTP/92/1
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