H2AFX (H2A histone family, member X)

Review on H2AFX (H2A histone family, member X), with data on DNA, on the protein encoded, and where the gene is implicated

Risks and regulation of cryptocurrency during pandemic: a systematic literature review

Cryptocurrencies differ from traditional financial assets as they are not governed by any higher authority, have no physical representation, are indefinitely divisible, and are not based on any tangible assets or country. While their popularity and use have surged over the years, they are still subject to an underlying risk. The purpose of this research is to investigate the regulatory approach for cryptocurrencies adopted around the world. To achieve the purpose of this research, extant literature is examined using a systematic literature review. Using a total of 49 Scopus indexed shortlisted articles, the extant literature on the various risks related to cryptocurrency and the regulatory approach adopted for the same was explored. The prior literature was classified into four thematic clusters of the regulatory approach to risks: pandemic, volatility, money laundering and cyber security. The findings suggest the regulations governing cryptocurrency are still at an infancy stage, and it still suffers from the challenge of limited transparency. The pandemic did not have a drastic impact on cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrencies are volatile in reaction to economic policy uncertainty and macroeconomic variables. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this review paper is one of the few contributing to the gaps in the literature on the various risks and their associated regulatory approach to managing cryptocurrency

Following Mitochondrial Footprints through a Long Mucosal Path to Lung Cancer

BACKGROUND:Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations are reported in different tumors. However, there is no information on the temporal development of the mtDNA mutations/content alteration and their extent in normal and abnormal mucosa continuously exposed to tobacco smoke in lung cancer patients. METHODOLOGY:We examined the pattern of mtDNA alteration (mtDNA mutation and content index) in 25 airway mucosal biopsies, corresponding tumors and normal lymph nodes obtained from three patients with primary lung cancers. In addition, we examined the pattern of mtDNA mutation in corresponding tumors and normal lymph nodes obtained from eight other patients with primary lung cancers. The entire 16.5 kb mitochondrial genome was sequenced on Affymetrix Mitochip v2.0 sequencing platform in every sample. To examine mtDNA content index, we performed real-time PCR analysis. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:The airway mucosal biopsies obtained from three lung cancer patients were histopathologically negative but exhibited multiple clonal mtDNA mutations detectable in the corresponding tumors. One of the patients was operated twice for the removal of tumor from the right upper and left lower lobe respectively within a span of two years. Both of these tumors exhibited twenty identical mtDNA mutations. MtDNA content increased significantly (P<0.001) in the lung cancer and all the histologically negative mucosal biopsies except one compared to the control lymph node. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Our results document the extent of massive clonal patches that develop in lifetime smokers and ultimately give rise to clinically significant cancers. These observations shed light on the extent of disease in the airway of smokers traceable through mtDNA mutation. MtDNA mutation could be a reliable tool for molecular assessment of respiratory epithelium exposed to continuous smoke as well as disease detection and monitoring. Functional analysis of the pathogenic mtDNA mutations may be useful to understand their role in lung tumorigenesis

A gaming simulation approach to understanding blue ocean strategy development as a transition from traditional competitive strategy

Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) has attracted a resurgence of interest following various market discontinuities, including digital disruption, the growth of the sharing economy and the development of ecosystems. BOS is a combination of value innovation and new markets, driving sustained higher performance through specific marketing activities, but it is difficult to conceive and implement. We outline five cases that use various transition paths to BOS through white spaces - with product extensions in the existing market. An important part of this transition are ‘blue ocean droplets’ which drive profitable growth through the transition and then onto a successful deployment of a blue ocean strategy. Blue ocean droplets drive profitable growth - simultaneously increasing volume sales, maintaining/increasing prices and maintaining/decreasing costs. We then use an inductive qualitative approach in a multi-team gaming simulation to examine drivers of firm performance. Higher than average performance is driven by repositioning in white spaces and execution of the three blue ocean droplets. Finally, we discuss implications for firms: execute a number of real options to follow one of several transition paths to a full BOS. This approach involves less downside risk than a full BOS approach, but can still be sustainably profitable, while also breaking the traditional value/cost trade-off

Polymorphisms of TP53 codon 72 with breast carcinoma risk: evidence from 12226 cases and 10782 controls

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previously, TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms have been implicated as risk factors for various cancers. A number of studies have conducted on the association of TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms with susceptibility to breast carcinoma and have yielded inconclusive results. The aim of the present study was to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a search in the Medline, EMBASE, OVID, Sciencedirect, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) without a language limitation, covering all papers published up to Jan 2009. The associated literature was acquired through deliberate searching and selected based on the established inclusion criteria for publications.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>A total of seventeen case-control studies, including 12226 cases and 10782 controls, met the included criteria and thus were selected. Ultimately, the relevant data were extracted and further analyzed using systematic meta-analyses. Overall, no associations of TP53 codon 72 polymorphisms with breast carcinoma were observed (for Arg/Arg vs Pro/Pro: OR = 1.20; 95%CI = 0.96–1.50; for dominant model: OR = 1.12; 95%CI = 0.96–1.32; for recessive model: OR = 1.13; 95%CI = 0.98–1.31). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, statistically similar results were obtained when the data were stratified as Asians, Caucasians and Africans.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that <it>TP53 codon 72 </it>polymorphisms might not be a low-penetrant risk factor for developing breast carcinoma.</p

Role of H2AX in DNA damage response and human cancers.

Contains fulltext : 81643.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)H2AX, the evolutionarily conserved variant of histone H2A, has been identified as one of the key histones to undergo various post-translational modifications in response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). By virtue of these modifications, that include acetylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitination, H2AX marks the damaged DNA double helix, facilitating local recruitment and retention of DNA repair and chromatin remodeling factors to restore genomic integrity. These modifications are essential for effective DSB repair, so is their removal for cell, to recover from checkpoint arrest. Because of these vital roles during DSB signaling and also its activation during early cancer stages, H2AX is emerging as an intriguing gene in tumor biology, supported further by frequent deletion of the region harboring this gene. This review focuses on the insights gained from recent studies on dynamic regulation of H2AX in DSB repair. Also, posing future challenges in the area of chromatin reorganization and retention of epigenetic signature post-DSB-repair with implication of its haploinsufficiency in human cancers

A review on digital twin technology in healthcare

Digital twin technology is the union of three systems - the physical, the virtual and the interconnecting link layer. It acts as a replica and provides real-time representation of real-world physical objects in a virtual format. Digital twins are promising when applied in healthcare. This brief review gives a schematic overview of the current state of digital twin, specifically in the healthcare industry with gaps to overcome the challenges in building smart healthcare ecosystem. A concise synthesis of the following aspects of digital twin provides a cohesive whole in this paper: new capabilities and functions of the digital twin in healthcare, technologies that support digital twins, with its applications. This study motivated by the current COVID-19 pandemic, focuses on the application of the Digital Twin technology in healthcare