Influence of physical fitness on some selected blood lipids in pre-and post-menopausal women

There's no better time than the years surrounding menopause for a woman to start or renew an exercise programme. Exercise may reduce the immediate symptoms of menopause, and it decreases the long-term risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, depression and obesity. Data were gathered from 250 pre-menopausal (35-49 years) and 107 post-menopausal women (50-64 years) who formed part of a comprehensive community study. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of physical fitness on total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides in pre- and post-menopausal women. Physical fitness was expressed as physical working capacity (PWC170), which was determined by a progressive cycle ergometer test. Statistical significant differences (

Black root rot: a long known but little understood disease

Table S1. Hosts reported to be susceptible to black root rot infection.Table S2. Variation in host susceptibility to black root rot infection by the fungus formally known as Thielaviopsis basicola.Black root rot caused by the pathogen Thielaviopsis basicola has been known since the mid 1800s. The disease is important on many agricultural and ornamental plant species and has been found in at least 31 countries. Since its description, the pathogen has had a complex taxonomic history that has resulted in a confused literature. A recent revision of the Ceratocystidaceae following the advent of DNA sequencing technology has made it possible to resolve this confusion. Importantly, it has also shown that there are two pathogens in the Ceratocystidaceae that cause black root rot. They reside in the newly established genus Berkeleyomyces and are now known as B. basicola and B. rouxiae. This review considers the taxonomic history of the black root rot pathogens, and their global distribution. Prospects relating to the serious diseases that they cause and the likely impact that the era of genomics will have on our understanding of the pathogens are also highlighted.The University of Pretoria, the members of Tree Protection Co‐operative Programme (TPCP), the DST‐NRF Centre of Excellence in Tree Health Biotechnology (CTHB) and the National Research Foundation.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/136530592020-06-01hj2019BiochemistryForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)GeneticsMicrobiology and Plant Patholog