Consultations of health service providers amongst patients of pulmonary tuberculosis from an urban area

Aims: To describe the number, types and reasons of consultations amongst patients of pulmonary tuberculosis from an urban area. Settings and Design Cross sectional study was conducted amongst new patients of pulmonary tuberculosis initiated on DOTS at District Tuberculosis Centre (DTC), Yavatmal from January to June 2006. Material and Methods: The data regarding consultations were collected along a time line. The reasons for consultations were studied by in-depth interviews. Statistical analysis: Logistic regression analysis and transcripts of interviews. Results and Conclusions A total of 55 patients were studied in whom median duration between first consultation to treatment initiation was 15 days. A majority of cases (87.27%) had first consulted a private practitioner. A total of 32 patients reported more than two consultations and 19 had consulted more than two private health service providers. Amongst the movements between consultations, a majority were from private to government. Only four patients had come to DTC without any prior consultation. Many patients came to government health service provider on their own when the symptomatic treatment prescribed by the private practitioners did not relieve their symptom

Direct torque control and dynamic performance of induction motor using fractional order fuzzy logic controller

Conventional direct torque control (DTC) is one of the best control systems for regulating the torque of an induction motor (IM). However, the DTC’s enormous waves in flux and torque cause acoustic noise that degrades control performance, especially at low speeds due to the DTC’s low switching frequency. Direct torque control systems, which focus just on torque and flux, have been proposed as a solution to these problems. In order to improve DTC control performance, this work introduces a fractional-order fuzzy logic controller method. The objective is to analyze this technique critically with regard to its efficacy in reducing ripple, its tracking speed, its switching loss, its algorithm complexity, and its sensitivity to its parameters. Simulation in MATLAB/Simulink verifies the anticipated control approach’s performance

Signal Defects Classification Using Wavelet Transform and Multiclass Support Vector Machine

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Mathematical Modelling of Blood Flow through Catheterized Artery under the Influence of Body Acceleration with Slip Velocity

The flow of blood through stenosed catheterized artery with the effect of external body acceleration has been considered. The pulsatile flow behaviour of blood in an artery subjected to the pulsatile pressure gradient and slip velocity has been studied considering blood as a Newtonian fluid. The non-linear differential equations governing the fluid flow are solved using the perturbation method. The analytic expressions are derived for the velocity profile, flow rate, wall shear stress and effective viscosity. The computer codes are developed for the analysis of physiological parameters. The effects of various parameters on blood flow are discussed through graphs. It is observed that insertion of catheter increases the wall shear stress enormously depending upon the size of the catheter. Body acceleration enhances the axial velocity and flow rate. However it is found that with the application of slip velocity, the wall shear stress is significantly decreases

Model Studies on Footing Beam Resting on Geogrid Reinforced Soil Bed

Geogrid reinforcement below foundation (resting on layered soil conditions having less bearing capacity) to support footing has considerable effect on shear, settlement and cost reducing alternative to conventional method of support. Therefore, in the present paper, a 2D finite element soil- foundation interaction modeling of a square footing has been carried out to investigate the effect of types of geogrid on sttlement, contact presseure and elastic strain.  Performance level of geogrids made from three different types of polymer polypropylene, polyester and non-polymer (PP, PET and NP) have been analysed. Foundation system consists of a square footing beam resting on layered soil conditions (upper compacted and lower loose). Geogrid reinforcement is provided between upper dense soil and lower loose soil and has been assumed to have finite bending stress and, therefore, idealized as a beam. Both soil layers are also assumed to have finite bending stresses. Analysis is carried out by using a computer software program ANSYS with a two dimensional linear 8-noded isoparametric element. The result of analysis is compared with both the systems (foundation system with geogrid reinforcement & without geogrid reinforcement) and optimum thickness and optimum depth of placement of geogrid reinforcement have been found. It is found that use of geogrid and the types of geogrid affect the behavior of the foundation system significantly. Keywords: Footing beam; Geogrids; Settlement; Contact Pressure

Modeling of Rainfall-Runoff Correlations Using Artificial Neural Network-A Case Study of Dharoi Watershed of a Sabarmati River Basin, India

The use of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is becoming common due to its ability to analyse complex nonlinear events. An ANN has a flexible, convenient and easy mathematical structure to identify the nonlinear relationships between input and output data sets. This capability could efficiently be employed for the different hydrological models such as rainfall-runoff models, which are inherently nonlinear in nature. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) can be used in cases where the available data is limited. The present work involves the development of an ANN model using Feed-Forward Back Propagation algorithm for establishing monthly and annual rainfall runoff correlations. The hydrologic variables used were monthly and annual rainfall and runoff for monthly and annual time period of monsoon season. The ANN model developed in this study is applied to Dharoi reservoir watersheds of Sabarmati river basin of India. The hydrologic data were available for twenty-nine years at Dharoi station at Dharoi dam project. The model results yielding into the least error is recommended for simulating the rainfall-runoff characteristics of the watersheds. The obtained results can help the water resource managers to operate the reservoir properly in the case of extreme events such as flooding and drought

NPK Deficiency Detection in Paddy Leaf Images

Majority of people in India has got their source of income by means of rice cultivation (approximately 70%). But if they easily prone to deficiencies the entire crop field will be wasted. So, in order to get the paddy field high we need to predict the diseases or deficiencies caused to that paddy fields. Paddy leaves will be deficient with multiple nutrient components at a same time. The deviation from being healthy can be identified based on the color and pattern because the healthy leaves are dominant in green color rather than any other color, whereas unhealthy leaves are not dominant in green. The proposed work is to identify individual N, P, K and combination of nitrogen phosphorous (NP), nitrogen-potassium (NK), phosphorous-potassium (PK) and nitrogen-phosphorous-potassium (NPK) deficiencies in a leaf at a same time. Here pattern analysis and RGB color options are extracted to spot defected paddy leaves. Multiple color and multiple pattern comparison is done against the healthy leaves thereby we can easily identify the exact deficiency of nutrient (like N, P, K, NP, NK, PK, NPK) of that unhealthy leaf