Functioning metastases in liver from thyroid carcinoma: Case report

Radioiodine uptake in liver metastases was observed in two patients with follicular carcinoma of the thyroid

Role of spleen scanning in planning the treatment and assessment of splenic response in blood dyscrasias

The usefulness of spleen scans in the selection of an area of the spleen for further radiation therapy in a refractory patient with chronic myeloid leukemia is demonstrated. Estimation of the degree of reduction of spleen size in response to treatment of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin's disease and polycythemia vera is described as is the disappearance of a Hodgkin's mass following endoxan therapy. The value of spleen scans in detecting the presence or absence of splenomegaly in cases of polycythemia vera without a palpable spleen is also discussed

Thyroid hormones And [<SUP>14</SUP>C] glucose metabolism in bacteria

The effects of triiodothyronine and thyroxine on metabolism and growth of bacteria were studied. It was observed that over a certain range of concentration thyroxine and triiodothyronine produced increase in 14CO2 release from [14C]-labeled glucose and also stimulated bacteria growth

Synthesis of thyroglobulin in thyroid carcinoma patients after radioiodine therapy

Endogenously radioiodinated thyroglobulin (Tg) and the serum concentration of Tg have been measured in patients with metastatic thyroid carcinoma after therapeutic doses of radioiodine. Serial samples of blood were analyzed for both these parameters over a period of 10 to 22 days. The specific activity of Tg (cpm/ng) was calculated for each sample. Among the six patients studied, three showed constant specific activity. The specific activity of the other three fell, indicating the entering of newly synthesized Tg into the circulation. The respective amounts of Tg entering into the circulation in these three patients were 120, 852, and 20,935 ng/ml serum/day

A new technique to denature red cells for spleen scanning

The use of concentrated ACD and stable sodium chromate to denature the 51Cr-tagged autologous red cells for spleen scintiscanning is described. Organ distribution data in rats and dogs 4 and 24 hr after i.v. injection of labeled erythrocytes with and without modification is presented. Studies show that combination of concentrated ACD and stable chromate yields maximum sequestration of labeled cells in the spleen with very low concentrations in liver, kidneys and circulating blood. The technique has been successfully used in 20 patients. Representative spleen scans of two patients are shown. The advantages of combined ACD and stable chromate denaturation over the heat-treatment technique are simplicity and quicker denaturation. The 203Hg-BMHP has the drawback of significant uptakes in nontarget organs and the possibility of chemical toxic effects

Thyroid uptake studies in infectious hepatitis

Thyroid-function studies were done in 43 cases of infectious hepatitis with varying degree of liver damage as judged by serum bilirubin levels. A different pattern of thyroid uptakes was seen in patients with moderate liver damage and those with severe liver damage. A good correlation was observed between thyroid uptake and degree of liver damage

Combining functional metagenomics and glycoanalytics to identify enzymes that facilitate structural characterization of sulfated N-glycans

Abstract Background Sulfate modification of N-glycans is important for several biological functions such as clearance of pituitary hormones or immunoregulation. Yet, the prevalence of this N-glycan modification and its functions remain largely unexplored. Characterization of N-glycans bearing sulfate modifications is hampered in part by a lack of enzymes that enable site-specific detection of N-glycan sulfation. In this study, we used functional metagenomic screening to identify enzymes that act upon sulfated N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). Using multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection (xCGE-LIF) -based glycoanalysis we proved their ability to act upon GlcNAc-6-SO4 on N-glycans. Results Our screen identified a sugar-specific sulfatase that specifically removes sulfate from GlcNAc-6-SO4 when it is in a terminal position on an N-glycan. Additionally, in the absence of calcium, this sulfatase binds to the sulfated glycan but does not remove the sulfate group, suggesting it could be used for selective isolation of sulfated N-glycans. Further, we describe isolation of a sulfate-dependent hexosaminidase that removes intact GlcNAc-6-SO4 (but not asulfated GlcNAc) from a terminal position on N-glycans. Finally, the use of these enzymes to detect the presence of sulfated N-glycans by xCGE-LIF is demonstrated. Conclusion The present study demonstrates the feasibility of using functional metagenomic screening combined with glycoanalytics to discover enzymes that act upon chemical modifications of glycans. The discovered enzymes represent new specificities that can help resolve the presence of GlcNAc-6-SO4 in N-glycan structural analyses

Gut bacteria responding to dietary change encode sialidases that exhibit preference for red meat-associated carbohydrates.

Dietary habits have been associated with alterations of the human gut resident microorganisms contributing to obesity, diabetes and cancer1. In Western diets, red meat is a frequently eaten food2, but long-term consumption has been associated with increased risk of disease3,4. Red meat is enriched in N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) that cannot be synthesized by humans5. However, consumption can cause Neu5Gc incorporation into cell surface glycans6, especially in carcinomas4,7. As a consequence, an inflammatory response is triggered when Neu5Gc-containing glycans encounter circulating anti-Neu5Gc antibodies8,9. Although bacteria can use free sialic acids as a nutrient source10-12, it is currently unknown if gut microorganisms contribute to releasing Neu5Gc from food. We found that a Neu5Gc-rich diet induces changes in the gut microbiota, with Bacteroidales and Clostridiales responding the most. Genome assembling of mouse and human shotgun metagenomic sequencing identified bacterial sialidases with previously unobserved substrate preference for Neu5Gc-containing glycans. X-ray crystallography revealed key amino acids potentially contributing to substrate preference. Additionally, we verified that mouse and human sialidases were able to release Neu5Gc from red meat. The release of Neu5Gc from red meat using bacterial sialidases could reduce the risk of inflammatory diseases associated with red meat consumption, including colorectal cancer4 and atherosclerosis13

Ambient Noise Level Prediction during Festival Season in Metro City of South East Asian Region

Physical pollutants such as noise, causes so much confusion regarding its effect, often take the back seat when deleterious effects to the environment are considered. Metropolitan city of South East Asian region was selected for the study where day and night noise is monitored in higher levels in festival seasons as well as in normal seasons in all zones. It was found that prescribed noise level were increased 19.23%, 19.33% and 23.08% near Courts, schools and hospitals respectively under the silent zone. Slum areas are already affected whole year and noise level in middle class areas recorded 7.69% higher in festival season where as high class residential areas are found safer than the other two types of areas under the residential zone. Almost 85% areas under commercial zone are affected by higher noise levels in both the seasons where as in festival season only 4% readings were increases in day and night. Over all 10.25% and 8.12% day & night noise level were increases where as hectic city traffic increases 36.58% rapidly in festival season in all the zones. The affects can also be seen in the form of variety of negative emotions including anger, disappointment, unhappiness, anxiety and even depression. Therefore to avoid the adverse effects there is an urgent need to control noise pollution by implementing strict rules and through launching awareness-campaign

Toxic effect of Ore Mining on Soil and Water Quality at Chhattisgarh, India

Physical pollutants such as noise, causes so much confusion regarding its effect, often take the back seat when deleterious effects to the environment are considered. Metropolitan city of South East Asian region was selected for the study where day and night noise is monitored in higher levels in festival seasons as well as in normal seasons in all zones. It was found that prescribed noise level were increased 19.23%, 19.33% and 23.08% near Courts, schools and hospitals respectively under the silent zone. Slum areas are already affected whole year and noise level in middle class areas recorded 7.69% higher in festival season where as high class residential areas are found safer than the other two types of areas under the residential zone. Almost 85% areas under commercial zone are affected by higher noise levels in both the seasons where as in festival season only 4% readings were increases in day and night. Over all 10.25% and 8.12% day & night noise level were increases where as hectic city traffic increases 36.58% rapidly in festival season in all the zones. The affects can also be seen in the form of variety of negative emotions including anger, disappointment, unhappiness, anxiety and even depression. Therefore to avoid the adverse effects there is an urgent need to control noise pollution by implementing strict rules and through launching awareness-campaign