Diagnosis of Heart Disease Using K-means Clustering and Bell Curve Fitting

Due to changes in way lots of urban population experiences pathology and different heart related diseases. Many heart issues are because of irregular way and different factors like high cholesterol diets and lack of exercise. If on basis of medical records we are able to confirm patterns of heart issues we tend to scale back viscous connected cases within the health care system. Multiple factors impacting viscous health will be incorporated into the information set for locating different geographical, temporal and spatial correlations. The analysis proposes a strategy exploitation information mining to analyze patterns in tending significantly cardio-vascular diseases. The projected formula uses clustering for feature extraction within the vital organ ( ex. Heart rate, sterol levels). It'll cluster the data and tell what per cent of individuals are healthy and how many are sick. The clusters are mapped with the given price information which can facilitate in finding out the insurance cover of the patients. Cleveland information set is employed for mapping of illness teams to price teams, other than Cleveland information sets 2 different information sets are used for comparative calculation of performance of K clusters on the information set

Fishery potential along the Indian coastal waters between Porbandar and Ratnagiri

As part of the ongoing marine pollution monitoring programme the coastal stretch between Porbandar and Ratnagiri was considered to assess the fishery potential. Regular experimental trawling was done off Porbandar, Veraval, Diu, Hazira, Daman, Bassein, Bombay, Murud and Ratnagiri at a depth range of 5-25 m during 1988 to 1992. The catch rate varied from 1.2 to 225 kg/h (av.20.3 kg/h). Zonewise maximum catch (av.56.8 kg/h) was observed off Ratnagiri followed by off Porbandar (av.30.1 kg/h), off Bombay (av.23.9 kg/h) and off Murud (av.19.8 kg/h). The area between Hazira and Daman was poor in fish catch. In general, the catch rate showed a fluctuating trend during the period of observation. Among the hundred species identified from the collections the most common species were Coilia dussumieri, Johnius glaucus, Scoliodon laticaudus, Lepturacanthus savala, Harpadon nehereus, Sardinella longiceps, Pampus sp. and Congresox sp. The community structure and species assemblage at different zones are discussed in detail

A case study on the impact of industrial effluent disposal on the fishery of Amba River estuary, Maharashtra

The impact of waste discharge on fishery resources is a matter of great concern. The accepted norm in all environmental impact assessment studies is to avoid areas of high fishery potential while locating a marine outfall. Contemplating on this aspect a case study was conducted in the Amba River estuary before and after the establishment of a petrochemical complex at Nagothane. The treated wastewater from this complex is released through a subsurface outfall after adopting effective control measures for marine disposal of waste. Experimental trawling was done at five locations covering a distance of 30 km during 1990 to 1991. The catch rate within the estuary varied from 0.6 to 255 kg/h (av 24 kg/h). The trend indicated considerable decrease in fishery potential from the mouth of the estuary (av 64 kg/h) to the upstream location (av 11 kg/h). A total of 49 species of fishes, 16 species of prawns, 7 species of crabs and 1 species of lobster were identified from the collections. Number of species gradually increased from the interior segment at Dharamtar (8) to the outer area near Revas (18). A comparison of the quantitative and qualitative nature of the post outfall and pre outfall data revealed only marginal difference. The study indicates that if necessary precautions are taken to render the waste harmless the marine ecology will hardly be affected

VARIATIONS OF ORIGIN AND DISTANCE OF AXILLARY NERVE: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Background: Axillary nerve, one of the terminal branches of posterior cord of brachial plexus is more prone for injuries. Lack of proper anatomical knowledge and variations of axillary nerve leads to risk of nerve injuries. The present study describes the origin of axillary nerve, its distance of origin from tip of coracoids process. Method: Thirty brachial plexuses from fifteen formalin fixed human cadavers of both the sexes were studied by dissection method. Origin and branching pattern of axillary nerve and its distance of origin from the anteromedial aspect of tip of coracoid process & posterolateral aspect of acromion process was recorded. Results: Out of the 30 specimens studied, axillary nerve was originating from the posterior cord of brachial plexus in 90% of specimens, remaining 10% specimens showed a common trunk of origin of axillary nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus. The mean distance of origin of axillary nerve from the anteromedial aspect of tip of coracoid process and posterolateral aspect of acromion process is 3.98cm & 6.30cm respectively. The axillary nerve terminated into anterior and posterior branch within quadrangular space in 29 specimens. In one specimen articular branch for shoulder joint was not directly arising from axillary nerve instead it is arising from anterior branch of axillary nerve. Conclusion: In studied population Axillary nerves display variations in the origin and distance of origin. Knowledge of this variation in axillary nerve is very important to clinicians, anaesthetists and orthopaedic surgeons during surgical exploration of neck, axilla and upper arm, shoulder dislocation, infraclavicular brachial plexus block and fracture of surgical neck of humerus. Keywords: Axillary nerve; Posterior cord; Coracoid process; Acromion process

Pattern of tuberculosis among tribal population of Central India with special reference to cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test as diagnostic tool: a descriptive study at tertiary care hospital

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) kills close to half a million Indians every year. Lack of reliable rapid diagnostic techniques for TB hampers timely diagnosis and leads to continued disease transmission, causing significant morbidity and mortality. The potential of newly recommended CBNAAT in TB and MDR-TB detection has been underutilized in our area due to lack of awareness regarding the same. Hence we utilized this rapid, logistically simplified test to study the pattern of tuberculosis among tribal population of Central India.Methods: Descriptive study of suspected TB patients in tertiary care centre from March 2016 to March 2019. Appropriate specimens from suspected TB patients were collected and subjected to CBNAAT and AFB smear to study the pattern of TB and Rifampicin- Resistant(RR) TB  in our area.Results: CBNAAT detected overall 27% MTB cases; 27.72 % Pulmonary-TB cases as against smear positivity rate of 20.73% whereas 12.74% Extra-pulmonary-TB (EPTB) cases as against smear positivity rate of 1.59%.Overall 94.91% were RiF Sensitive( RS-TB) and 4.58% were RR-TB. Of the 57 (4.16%) HIV-TB coinfected cases; 96.49% were RS-TB and 5.26% were RR-TB. Co-infected patients have high incidence of EPTB(21.05%) involvement  with RR-TB 3.50%. Among EPTB cases; lymph node aspirate and pus provided highest CBNAAT positive cases and almost 90.62% EPTB specimens were RS-TB .Conclusions: Availability of new diagnostic services has increased early identification of TB and RR-TB. Awareness among physicians regarding diagnostic utility of CBNAAT should be further increased as early identification of possible MDR cases is key to reducing community transmission and treatment initiation, particularly in high-burden, resource-limited settings. 

VARIATIONS OF ORIGIN AND DISTANCE OF AXILLARY NERVE: A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Background: Axillary nerve, one of the terminal branches of posterior cord of brachial plexus is more prone for injuries. Lack of proper anatomical knowledge and variations of axillary nerve leads to risk of nerve injuries. The present study describes the origin of axillary nerve, its distance of origin from tip of coracoids process. Method: Thirty brachial plexuses from fifteen formalin fixed human cadavers of both the sexes were studied by dissection method. Origin and branching pattern of axillary nerve and its distance of origin from the anteromedial aspect of tip of coracoid process & posterolateral aspect of acromion process was recorded. Results: Out of the 30 specimens studied, axillary nerve was originating from the posterior cord of brachial plexus in 90% of specimens, remaining 10% specimens showed a common trunk of origin of axillary nerve from posterior cord of brachial plexus. The mean distance of origin of axillary nerve from the anteromedial aspect of tip of coracoid process and posterolateral aspect of acromion process is 3.98cm & 6.30cm respectively. The axillary nerve terminated into anterior and posterior branch within quadrangular space in 29 specimens. In one specimen articular branch for shoulder joint was not directly arising from axillary nerve instead it is arising from anterior branch of axillary nerve. Conclusion: In studied population Axillary nerves display variations in the origin and distance of origin. Knowledge of this variation in axillary nerve is very important to clinicians, anaesthetists and orthopaedic surgeons during surgical exploration of neck, axilla and upper arm, shoulder dislocation, infraclavicular brachial plexus block and fracture of surgical neck of humerus. Keywords: Axillary nerve; Posterior cord; Coracoid process; Acromion process

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF TELMISARTAN AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BY DERIVATIVE SPECTROSCOPY

Objective: The objective of this investigation is to present the simple and sensitive method for the analysis of Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide and apply the proposed method for the analysis of said drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.Methods: Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide are used in combination for treatment of hypertension. The present work deals with simple derivative spectrophotometric method development for simultaneous estimation of Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in two component tablet formulation.Results: The method employed first order derivative spectroscopy for determination of ʎmax by taking 10 μg/ml each of Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide were scanned in 200-400 nm range and ʎmax were observed 291 nm for Telmisartan and Hydrochlorothiazide showed zero crossing point and 251 nm for Hydrochlorothiazide and Telmisartan showed zero crossing point in first order derivative spectroscopy.Conclusion: For this method, linearity was observed in 2-40 μg/ml for Telmisartan and 2-20 μg/ml for Hydrochlorothiazide. The recovery study confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method and low values of standard deviation confirmed precision of the used method. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines

SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF IRBESARTAN AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE BY UV SPECTROSCOPY

Objective: The literature survey revealed that various methods are reported for determination of Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide alone or in combination with other drugs So, the main objective of our study was to develop simple, accurate and reproducible methods for the simultaneous estimation of Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide in a combined dosage form.Methods: The method for the simultaneous determination of Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide by spectroscopy has been developed. The simple, accurate and precise method includes Area Under the Curve (AUC) method. On response to the effect of solvent on spectral behaviors of Irbesartan and Hydrochlorothiazide, methanol was selected as solvent. Irbesartan shows maximum absorbance at 224 nm and Hydrochlorothiazide shows maximum absorbance at 271 nm. For the AUC method, the wavelength ranges between 225-230 nm and 258-265 nm respectively were selected with reference to the absorbance curves plotted between the wavelengths of 200-400 nm. This method allows rapid analysis of two drug combinations.Results: The result of analysis was validated statistically by recovery study following ICH method validation guideline. Tablet containing both drugs was assayed using the method developed, showing a good accuracy and precision.Conclusion: It can therefore be concluded that use of this method can save more time and money and it can be used in small laboratories with accurac

Evaluation of nephroprotective effect of Bryonia lacinosa on streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy in rats

Background: Ayurvedic literature indicated use of Bryonia laciniosa (BL) for metabolic abnormalities. However only one study evaluated Bryonia laciniosa seed ethanolic extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats and was found to have anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. The authors looked at the renal function test in addition and found that it prevents deterioration of renal function in rats. Hence it was interesting to find if Bryonia laciniosa had any protective action in streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy in rats.Methods: Streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy model in wistar rats was standardised in phase 1. In phase 2 animals were divided into 4 groups and diabetic nephropathy was induce with STZ. Vehicle Control group animals received CMC 0.5%, Positive control group received enalapril 5 mg/kg, Test group 1 received ethanolic extract of Bryonia laciniosa (EEBL) 250 mg/kg and Test group 2 received (EEBL) 500 mg/kg from 3rd day onwards till 6 weeks. Renal function, morphology and histopthological changes were evaluated.Results: There was a significant reduction (p <0.001) in the serum creatinine and BUN in both low and high dose EEBL groups. High dose of EEBL lowered raised MDA values significantly (p<0.001) and raised the GSH values (p<0.001). On histopathology, the high dose EEBL reversed nephropathic changes which were equivalent to enalapril.Conclusions: Bryonia lacinosa in high doses 500 mg/kg has potential to reverse diabetic nephropathic changes induced in wistar rats