Multi-wavelength Diagnostics of the Precursor and Main phases of an M1.8 Flare on 2011 April 22

We study the temporal, spatial and spectral evolution of the M1.8 flare, which occurred in NOAA AR 11195 (S17E31) on 22 April 2011, and explore the underlying physical processes during the precursors and their relation to the main phase. The study of the source morphology using the composite images in 131 {\deg}A wavelength observed by the SDO/AIA and 6-14 keV revealed a multiloop system that destabilized systematically during the precursor and main phases. In contrast, HXR emission (20-50 keV) was absent during the precursor phase, appearing only from the onset of the impulsive phase in the form of foot-points of emitting loop/s. This study has also revealed the heated loop-top prior to the loop emission, although no accompanying foot-point sources were observed during the precursor phase. We estimate the flare plasma parameters viz. T, EM, power-law index, and photon turn-over energy by forward fitting RHESSI spectral observations. The energy released in the precursor phase was thermal and constituted ~1 per cent of the total energy released during the flare. The study of morphological evolution of the filament in conjunction with synthesized T and EM maps has been carried out which reveals (a) Partial filament eruption prior to the onset of the precursor emission, (b) Heated dense plasma over the polarity inversion line and in the vicinity of the slowly rising filament during the precursor phase. Based on the implications from multi-wavelength observations, we propose a scheme to unify the energy release during the precursor and main phase emissions in which, the precursor phase emission has been originated via conduction front formed due to the partial filament eruption. Next, the heated leftover S-shaped filament has undergone slow rise and heating due to magnetic reconnection and finally erupted to produce emission during the impulsive and gradual phases.Comment: 16 Pages, 11 Figures, Accepted for Publication in MNRAS Main Journa

ESCAPADE: Encryption-type-ransomeware: system call based pattern detection

Encryption-type ransomware has risen in prominence lately as the go-to malware for threat actors aiming to compromise Android devices. In this paper, we present a ransomware detection technique based on behaviours observed in the system calls performed by the malware. We identify and present some common high-level system call behavioural patterns targeted at encryption-type ransomware and evaluate these patterns. We further present our repeatable and extensible methodology for extracting the system call log and patterns

Fast and trusted intrinsic stress measurement to facilitate improved reliability assessments

A new measurement method for mechanical stresses with microscopic and sub-microscopic spatial resolution is presented. It bases on classical stress relief techniques in experimental mechanics, as for example the familiar hole drilling method. Applicability of the classic method for micro and nano size objects was achieved, using very local stress relief caused by ion milling inside commercial FIB equipment and image correlation algorithms for the determination of corresponding relaxation strains. Approximately 10 years ago, first publications demonstrated the principal feasibility of the approach. Now, this work gives a more detailed view on different measurement variations, their capabilities and limitations. The paper reports on the effort made for qualifying the new method for use under real industrial conditions, which includes validation of techniques, best practice based choice of tools and sufficient automation of the measurement process

Estimation of Economic Heterosis for Grain Yield and it’s Attributing Traits in Macaroni Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)

The present investigation was undertaken in order to estimate the heterosis for grain yield and its attributing traits in Macaroni wheat (Triticum durum Desf.). The crosses were attempted by using line × tester mating design among eight lines and four testers during rabi 2023-24. The resultant 32 hybrids together with 12 parents and 1 standard check (GW 1339) were tested using randomized block design with three replications at Wheat Research Station, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during Rabi 2024-25. A total of six and five hybrids exhibited significant desirable heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis, respectively for grain yield per plant. The heterobeltiosis for grain yield per plant ranged from -43.43 % to 83.99 %, while standard heterosis ranged from -58.69 % to 42.36 %. The highest heterosis over better parent in desirable direction was recorded by cross MACS 3949 × GDW 1255 (83.99%), UAS 475 × GDW 1255 (69.02%) and HD 4758 × HI 8737 (61.26%). The highest significant heterosis towards positive direction over standard check were recorded by five crosses viz., MACS 3949 × GDW 1255 (42.36%), HD 4758 × WHD 965 (28.66%), HD 4758 × HI 8737 (27.40%), UAS 475 × GDW 1255 (19.36%) and MACS 3949 × WHD 965 (9.45%). Hybrids with desirable traits for yield components showed increased grain yield, which is likely due to the combined effect of those improved traits

Study on Biodiesel Production and Characterization for Used Cooking Oil

The increasing awareness of the depletion of fossil fuel resources and the environmental benefits of biodiesel fuel has made it more attractive in recent times. Its primary advantages deal with it being one of the most renewable fuels currently available and it is also non-toxic and biodegradable. It can also be used directly in most diesel engines without requiring extensive engine modifications. However, the cost of biodiesel is the major hurdle to its commercialization in comparison to petroleum-based diesel fuel. Biodiesel is proved to be a potential candidate for partial substitute of mineral diesel oil. The environmental issues associated with the use of fossil-based energy sources have informed the search for more sustainable energy alternatives. This work investigated the potential of producing biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO). The work gives ample evidence that oil from eateries in WCO could be used in producing high quality biodiesel in an easy, one-step transesterification reaction without the need for acid esterification which increases the overall cost of the production process.</jats:p