Economic and occupational integration of newcomers

This paper summarizes the economic context of immigration in Luxembourg before examining the determinants of individual and cross-national unemployment, income, and occupational mobility. It finds that although being an immigrant in itself does not seem to cause substantial economic advantage or disadvantage, correlated factors such as education and the nationality of one's parents do. Cross-nationally, Luxembourg does not have an admirable record on unemployment or income for immigrants, but the foreign-born do seem to achieve relatively high levels of upward mobility. Pan-EU analysis suggests that the main source of such intergenerational mobility is Luxembourg's sustained economic growth

Housing and the residential integration of immigrants in Luxembourg and the EU-15

If immigrants or ethnic minorities succeed economically by achieving a high income or level of occupational prestige, they may nevertheless find themselves shunted into ghettos or excluded from mainstream society because of their national origins or appearance. In the perhaps the most well-known contemporary case, many urban African Americans suffer from 'hypersegregation' and risk harassment from whites or the police if they attempt to live in more 'exclusive' neighborhoods (Massey and Denton 1993; Goodnough 2009). For Europe, ethnic segregation certainly exists but does not appear to be increasing for the continent as a whole (Musterd and van Kempen 2009). So how well are immigrants integrated into Luxembourg's metropolitan areas? The chapter begins to answer this question by describing the Grand Duchy's urban setting

Gesundheitsreformen: und kein Ende in Sicht!

Zumindest semantisch scheint die Sache geklärt zu sein, denn mit der Einführung des Gesundheitsfonds zum Beginn des nächsten Jahres durch die große Koalition sind die Zeichen der Zeit gesetzt: Modern und mit mehr Wettbewerb soll es in Zukunft zugehen. Aber bieten diese Reformschritte - und um Schritte wird es immer gehen - den demografischen und ökonomischen Herausforderungen wirklich Paroli oder sind es tatsächlich nur administrative Moloche, die eher schaden, als dass sie wirklich helfen? Wie schon so oft fällt die oberflächliche Antwort der öffentlichen Diskussion verheerend aus: Keine Jahrhundertreform (als ob es so etwas gäbe) - keine echte Problemlösung. Das ökonomische Diskussionsergebnis hingegen ist deutlich neutraler, denn im Grundsatz gilt: Die Reformen helfen nicht besonders, aber schaden tun sie auch nur wenig. Um dieses Urteil zu verstehen, muss man doch etwas weiter ausholen

SGXTuner: Performance Enhancement of Intel SGX Applications via Stochastic Optimization

Intel SGX has started to be widely adopted. Cloud providers (Microsoft Azure, IBM Cloud, Alibaba Cloud) are offering new solutions, implementing data-in-use protection via SGX. A major challenge faced by both academia and industry is providing transparent SGX support to legacy applications. The approach with the highest consensus is linking the target software with SGX-extended libc libraries. Unfortunately, the increased security entails a dramatic performance penalty, which is mainly due to the intrinsic overhead of context switches, and the limited size of protected memory. Performance optimization is non-trivial since it depends on key parameters whose manual tuning is a very long process. We present the architecture of an automated tool, called SGXTuner, which is able to find the best setting of SGX-extended libc library parameters, by iteratively adjusting such parameters based on continuous monitoring of performance data. The tool is to a large extent algorithm agnostic. We decided to base the current implementation on a particular type of stochastic optimization algorithm, specifically Simulated Annealing. A massive experimental campaign was conducted on a relevant case study. Three client-server applications Memcached, Redis, and Apache were compiled with SCONE's sgx-musl and tuned for best performance. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of SGXTuner

Due Process in Antitrust Enforcement: Normative and Comparative Perspectives

Due process in antitrust enforcement has significant implications for better professional and accurate enforcement decisions. Not only can due process spur economic growth, raise government credibility, and limit the abuse of powers according to law, it also promotes competitive reforms in monopolized sectors and curbs corruption. Jurisdictions learn from the best practices in the investigation process, decisionmaking process, and the announcement and judicial review of antitrust enforcement decisions. By comparing the enforcement policies of China, the European Union, and the United States, this article calls for better disclosure of evidence, participation of legal counsel, and protection of the procedural and substantive rights of the respondent in the investigation process. In conducting evidence review and arriving at punitive decisions, the enforcement agency should establish a separation between investigatory and adjudicatory functions. Finally, the issued punishment decision should contain more comprehensive information and be subject to judicial review

Correlation of Paraspinal Atrophy and Denervation in Back Pain and Spinal Stenosis Relative to Asymptomatic Controls

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146797/1/pmr239.pd

SecureKeeper: confidential zooKeeper using intel SGX

Cloud computing, while ubiquitous, still suffers from trust issues, especially for applications managing sensitive data. Third-party coordination services such as ZooKeeper and Consul are fundamental building blocks for cloud applications, but are exposed to potentially sensitive application data. Recently, hardware trust mechanisms such as Intel's Software Guard Extensions (SGX) offer trusted execution environments to shield application data from untrusted software, including the privileged Operating System (OS) and hypervisors. Such hardware support suggests new options for securing third-party coordination services. We describe SecureKeeper, an enhanced version of the ZooKeeper coordination service that uses SGX to preserve the confidentiality and basic integrity of ZooKeeper-managed data. SecureKeeper uses multiple small enclaves to ensure that (i) user-provided data in ZooKeeper is always kept encrypted while not residing inside an enclave, and (ii) essential processing steps that demand plaintext access can still be performed securely. SecureKeeper limits the required changes to the ZooKeeper code base and relies on Java's native code support for accessing enclaves. With an overhead of 11%, the performance of SecureKeeper with SGX is comparable to ZooKeeper with secure communication, while providing much stronger security guarantees with a minimal trusted code base of a few thousand lines of code