Nutritional status of iodine in pregnant women in Catalonia (Spain): study on hygiene-dietetic habits and iodine in urine

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>It is a priority to achieve an adequate nutritional status of iodine during pregnancy since iodine deficiency in this population may have repercussions on the mother during both gestation and post partum as well as on the foetus, the neonate and the child at different ages. According to the WHO, iodine deficiency is the most frequent cause of mental retardation and irrreversible cerebral lesions around the world. However, few studies have been published on the nutritional status of iodine in the pregnant population within the Primary Care setting, a health care level which plays an essential role in the education and control of pregnant women. Therefore, <b>the aim of the present study </b>is: 1.- To know the hygiene-dietetic habits related to the intake of foods rich in iodine and smoking during pregnancy. 2.- To determine the prevalence of iodine deficiency and the factors associated with its appearance during pregnancy.</p> <p>Methods/design</p> <p>We will perform a cluster randomised, controlled, multicentre trial. Randomisation unit: Primary Care Team. Study population: 898 pregnant women over the age of 17 years attending consultation to a midwife during the first trimester of pregnancy in the participating primary care centres. Outcome measures: consumption of iodine-rich foods and iodine deficiency. Points of assessment: each trimester of the gestation. Intervention: group education during the first trimester of gestation on healthy hygiene-dietetic habits and the importance of an adequate iodine nutritional status. Statistical analysis: descriptive analysis of all variables will be performed as well as multilevel logistic regression. All analyses will be done carried out on an intention to treat basis and will be fitted for potential confounding factors and variables of clinical importance.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>Evidence of generalised iodine deficiency during pregnancy could lead to the promotion of interventions of prevention such as how to improve and intensify health care educational programmes for pregnant women.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov: <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01301768">NCT01301768</a></p

Cambios estacionales de las concentraciones séricas de vitamina D en pacientes atendidos en un Centro de Salud

Objetivos: Estudios previos demuestran una elevada prevalencia de deficiencia de vitamina D [25(OH)D] en distintos sectores de población de nuestro país. Sin embargo, pocos trabajos muestran la influencia de los cambios estacionales sobre las concentraciones de vitamina D. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer la influencia estacional sobre el status de vitamina D en pacientes atendidos en una consulta de Atención Primaria. Material y métodos: Estudio longitudinal prospectivo de una cohorte de 82 pacientes. Se determinaron valores séricos de calcio, 25(OH)D y PTH durante los meses de enero, febrero y marzo (Período 1), y septiembre y octubre (Período 2). Resultados: Los valores de calcio fueron similares en ambos períodos. Durante el Período 1, el 50,6% de los pacientes mostró valores de 25(OH)D 30 ng/ml. Durante el Período 2, aumentaron los valores de 25(OH)D (31,88 vs. 15,75 ng/ml, p 30 ng/ml (50.68 vs. 3,65%, p < 0,001). En ambos períodos los valores de 25(OH)D se correlacionaron de forma inversa con los de PTH. Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los pacientes atendidos en un Centro de Salud presenta deficiencia de vitamina D durante el invierno, con notable mejoría tras el verano. Sin embargo, solo la mitad alcanza valores óptimos de vitamina D. Nuestros resultados sugieren la necesidad de políticas sanitarias que optimicen el status de vitamina D en la población general