Distortion Analysis of CMOS Based Analog Circuits

The amplifiers are the vital part of the analog circuit designs. The linearity of the CMOS is of most important concern in the design of many analog circuits. There are several aspects regarding nonlinear distortion analysis in analog circuits implemented in CMOS technology. Basically, the investigations visualize the nature of the total harmonic distortion (THD) dependence on the amplitude and frequency of the input signals. In this paper, the basic building blocks of analog integrated circuits such as Common source amplifier with diode connected load and Differential amplifier with current mirror load have been presented for distortion analysis. The MOSFET model used for simulation is BSIM3 SPICE model from 0.13-μm and BSIM4 SPICE model from 22-μm CMOS process technology. HSPICE circuit simulator tool is used for distortion analysis of CMOS circuits. It is evident that the above function gives remarkable insight of the nonlinear behavior of the considered circuits and it is worth considering for further investigations

Preliminary Pharmacological Screening of Ethanolic Extract of Aristoochia indica on Nephrolithiasis Rat

The effect of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia indica was studied on experimentally induced nepharolithatic and urolithuasis in rats. Oxalate urolithiasis was produced by the addition of 0.75% ethylene glycol in the diet for a period for 30 days. Ethylene glycol treatment resulted in a significant increase in the levels of calcium and oxalate. Treatment of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia indica 100mg/kg body weight for 30 days revealed a dose –related effect in the reduction of lithogenic substances, following glycolic acid induced urolithiasis. Simultaneous oral treatment with at a dose of ethanolic extract of Aristolochia indica 100mg/kg for 30 days significantly reversed the ethylene glycol induced nepharolithiasis and urolithiasis. Presumably by preventing the urinary supersaturation of lithogenic substances. Especially of oxalate and calcium. These observation indicate that ethanolic extract of Aristolochia indica can play an important role in the prevention of disorders associated with kidney stone formation

Exploring the adequacy of informed consent for caesarean section at a tertiary care center

Background: The objective was to study adequacy of valid informed consent in caesarean section and to quantify the proportion of patients who receive a proper informed consent before undergoing caesarean section.Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study involving 200 registered antenatal women undergoing caesarean section for various reasons both as elective or emergency basis, and data was analyzed.Results: Among the study group, 98.5% patients were informed about the said procedure in their own local language and consent was taken, in 3 (1.5%) patients informed consent was not taken. Detailed procedure was explained to only 29 patients (14.5%) whereas 171 patients (85.5%) had no clue about the detailed nature of the procedure. 193 patients (96.5%) were satisfied with the given informed patients; 7 patients (3.5%) were not satisfied.Conclusions: Women need consistent and adequate information for consent. Sessions should be held regarding the procedure, its risks and benefits; in this way patient will undergo the procedure with proper knowledge, awareness and confidence.

Greenhouse Parameters Monitoring and Controlling System Using Arduino and Android

Greenhouse parameter monitoring and controlling system is basically designed to monitor and control various parameters of a greenhouse for efficient growth of plants. The system has been designed using Arduino, GSM, ZigBee and Sensors. The temperature, light and soil moisture sensors are used to measure the respective parameters of the greenhouse, further these measured values will be sent to Android app via GSM. As different plants require different moisture, by analyzing the values from the app the user can control the moisture by turning on the water pump via message to GSM. The objective of this project is to provide user full access to greenhouse on a single click through Android

A Secure Storage Management & Auditing Scheme for Cloud Storage

Cloud computing is an evolving domain that provides many on-demand services that are used by many businesses on daily basis. Massive growth in cloud storage results in new data centers which are hosted by a large number of servers. As number of data centers increases enormous amount of energy consumption also increases. Now cloud service providers are looking for environmental friendly alternatives to reduce energy consumption. Data storage requires huge amount of resources and management. Due to increasing amount of demand for data storage new frameworks needed to store and manage data at a low cost. Also to prevent data from unauthorized access cloud service provider must provide data access control. Data access control is an effective way to ensure data storage security within cloud. For data storage cost minimization we are using DCT compression technique to ensure data compression without compromising the quality of the data. For data access control and security asymmetric cryptographic algorithm RSA is used. For data auditing we have used MD5 with RSA to generate digital signatures, In proposed work we tried to cover all attributes in terms of efficiency, performance and security in cloud computing

GENISTEIN ALLEVIATES HIGH GLUCOSE INDUCED TOXICITY AND ANGIOGENESIS IN CULTURED HUMAN RPE CELLS

Objective: Genistein, an iso flavonoid has been shown to possess many biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-angiogenic property. It has been shown to be protective in dampening diabetes induced retinal inflammation in vivo. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of genistein on glucose induced toxicity in cultured human RPE cells (ARPE-19).Methods: ARPE-19 cells were challenged with normal glucose (NG 5 mM) and high glucose (HG1 25 mM & HG2 50 mM) concentrations with or without genistein (20 µM) for 24 h. The mRNA expression of aldose reductase (ALR) and VEGF was measured by real-time PCR using SYBR green. Inhibitory effects upon ALR activity were performed. The VEGF levels of cell supernatant were estimated by sandwich ELISA. Cellular viability and mitochondrial function upon genistein treatment were assessed using dye exclusion method and MTT assay respectively.Results: Genistein at the studied concentration showed 93% of cell viability and no marked toxicity was observed on cell growth. ARPE-19 cells challenged with HG1 and HG2 showed (2.32) and (2.48) fold increase in ALR expression as compared to NG. Significant increase in VEGF165 expression was observed in ARPE-19 cells with HG1 and HG2 as compared to NG. The genistein treated cells significantly reduced the mRNA expression of both ALR and VEGF165. No significant increase in VEGF level was observed in ARPE-19 cell supernatant with HG1 and HG2 (220.68±5.24 and 228.96±7.19 pg/ml) as compared to NG (220.30±2.04 pg/ml), however, significant reduction was observed in response to treatment with genistein in HG1 and HG2 (155.51±9.33 and 122.85±4.76 pg/ml). Also ALR activity significantly reduced in genistein treated cells when compared with HG1 and HG2 concentrations.Conclusion: The results of the present study clearly demonstrate that genistein protects RPE cells from glucose toxicity. Genistein could be a prospective potent agent for treating complications linked with diabetes mellitus, such as diabetic retinopathy.Â

STERILE PARENTERAL PRODUCTS: A NARRATIVE APPROACH

One of the first group’s toaddress these patient safety issues was the NationalCoordinating Committee on Large Volume Parenteral (NCCLVP). Parenteral medications are products which are introduced in a manner which circumvents the body’s most protective barriers, the skin and mucous membranes, and, therefore, must be “essentially†free of biological contamination.  Most are injected or placed into the body tissues and do not pass thru the liver before entering the bloodstream. This can include injections, topical and inhalation routes. Generally in pharmacy, parenteral refers to injection and the topical and inhalation routes are separated into their own routes of administration. NCCLVP was established by the US Pharmacopeia Convention, Inc., and subsequently developedand recommended standards of practice for the preparation, labeling, and quality assurance of hospital pharmacyadmixture services. Parenteral administration of drug is often critical and associated with problems such as limited number of acceptable excipients, stringent requirements of aseptic production process, safety issues, and patient noncompliance. Still this route maintains its value due to special advantages like quicker onset of action in case of emergency; target the drug quickly to desired site of action, prevention of first pass metabolism etc. This review highlightsformulation of parenteral product and advanced techniques involved in parenteral products.   Keywords: NCCLVP, LVP, Aseptic area, GMP etc