HIV infection and mycobacterium tuberculosis drug-resistance among tuberculosis patients in Burkina Faso, West Africa

The aim of this study was to compare the drug-resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains among pulmonary tuberculosis patients, according to their HIV serostatus, in Burkina Faso. Tuberculosis (TB) patients were classified in new and previously treated cases by using a structured questionnaire. Susceptibility testing to isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampicin and ethambutol was done by the proportion method. Association between HIV-serostatus and drug-resistant TB was assessed with χ2 tests, and the statistical significance was set to

Campylobacter Spp. Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Susceptibility in a Developing Country, Burkina Faso (West Africa)

Data on campylobacteriosis are almost nonexistent in Burkina Faso. In this study conducted from 2006 to 2008 in Ouagadougou, stool specimens and sociodemographic data were collected from 1 246 patients attending the university teaching hospital for enteritis. Stool samples were analyzed for the presence of Campylobacter by the direct culture method on selective mCCDA agar followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing on the isolated strains. The isolation rate of Campylobacter was 2.3%,comprising of the following species C. jejuni (51.8%), C. coli (13.8%), and C. upsaliensis (3.5%). However, 30.9% of the isolates were unidentified. No resistant strain was found to gentamicin. The resistance to amoxicillin+clavulanic acid (3.4%) was lower than those (10.3-34.5%) to the other antibiotics: erythromycin (10.3%), tetracycline (10.3%), ciprofloxacin (13.8%), amoxicillin (24.1%) and ceftriaxone (34.5%), nalidixic acid (34.5%). Significant associations were found between Campylobacter enteritis and contact with animals (P=0.03), and HIV infection (P<0.0001), in contrast to other sociodemographic and seasonal factors. From the data obtained Amoxicillin+clavulanic acid appear to be the first choice for treatment. The implementation of a national program may be helpful in controlling the spread of the disease and the increase of resistance to antibiotics.Keywords: Campylobacter, epidemiology, HIV, drug resistance, Burkina Fas

Suporte diagnóstico e classificação de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes em baciloscopia de pacientes infectados pelo HIV e não infectados pela tuberculose em microscopia de rotina laboratorial em Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

We compared 100 HIV-infected and 100 non-infected adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) to evaluate the association between the HIV status and the microscopic yield, and between the HIV status and the grading of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) sputum smears. We stained specimens by Ziehl-Neelsen hot method. The first serial sputum smears diagnosed 89% HIV- infected and 94% uninfected. The additional yields of the second and third sputum smears identified respectively 10% and 1% among the HIV-infected against 5% and 1% among the patients without HIV. Considering grading of AFB, the HIV- positive patients were more scanty and less positive 2+ and 3+ at the first (P=0.089) and the second sputum smears (P=0.010). For the second AFB-smears grading, there was a significant difference between HIV-infected and uninfected among the males (P=0.031), the group of age ranging from 15 to 44 years old (P=0.003) and among the ambulatory patients (P=0.015); when we analyzed data for subgroups by HIV serological status, the difference was not significant in the results among the females (P=0.417) and the TB-hospitalized (P=0.501). In conclusion, the morning sputum smears improved the diagnostic yield in both HIV-infected and uninfected patients. However, globally the frequency of scanty was significantly associated with HIV serological status.Cem pacientes infectados pelo HIV e 100 pacientes adultos não-infectados pela tuberculose pulmonar (TB) foram comparados no intuito de avaliar a associação entre o status dos pacientes HIV+ e o suporte microscópico laboratorial e entre o status dos pacientes HIV+ e da classificação dos bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes (AFB) pela baciloscopia. As amostras fram coradas pelo método de Ziehl-Neelsen. A primeira série baciloscópica diagnosticada foi de 89% infectados pelo HIV e 94% não infectados. O aumento da produtividade da segunda e terceira baciloscopia identificaram respectivamente 10% e 1% entre os infectados pelo HIV contra 5% e 1% entre os pacientes sem HIV. Considerando a classificação da AFB, os pacientes HIV positivos foram mais escassos e menos positivos 2+ e 3+ na primeira baciloscopia (P = 0,089) e na segunda baciloscopia (P = 0,010), respectivamente. Para a segunda classificação de esfregaços AFB, houve uma diferença significativa entre os HIV-infectados e não infectados quando analisamos os dados de subgrupos por status sorológico entre os homens (P = 0,031), o grupo de idade entre 15 a 44 anos (P = 0,003) e entre os pacientes ambulatoriais ( P = 0,015). Contudo, a diferença não foi significativa nos resultados entre as mulheres (P = 0,417) e nas TB-hospitalizadas (P = 0,501). Em conclusão, a baciloscopia melhorou o suporte diagnóstico em ambos os infectados pelo HIV e pacientes não infectados. No entanto, globalmente, a frequência dos valores amostrais estava significativamente associada com o status sorológico do HIV