Rate and Predictors of Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among Clients on Antiretroviral Therapy at Tepi Health Center, South-west Ethiopia

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) has resulted reduction of mortality and improved quality of life of peoples living with HIV/AIDS. Maximum benefits can only be achieved through maximum adherence. We designed this study to assess rate and predictors of adherence to antiretroviral therapy at Tepi health center. A facility based cross-sectional study was conducted through patient’s self report using structured pre-tested questionnaires and medical record of the clients in a total of 341 samples using systematic random sampling technique. The data were collected from January1, 2012 to February15, 2012 in Tepi health centre. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16. Multiple logistic regression model was constructed to determine predictors of adherence. Self-reported dose adherence in the study area was 78.6% and that of combined indicator was 43.4%. Positive predictors of adherence includes alcohol drinking (AOR=4.36, 95% CI =2.03, 9.35), and a belief of ART cures HIV (AOR = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.21, 3.13) while long-duration on HAART (≥49 months) (AOR=0.29, 95%CI=0.11, 0.75) was negative predictor. The adherence rate in this study was much less than studies in many parts of Ethiopia. Interventions should target on reduction of alcohol use and on imparting appropriate knowledge of HAART that will address false beliefs of “ART cures HIV”.Keywords: Adherence HAART Rate and Predictors HIV/AIDS Combined Adherenc

Mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Mupirocin is widely used for nasal decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus to prevent subsequent staphylococcal infection in patients and healthcare personnel. However, the prolonged and unrestricted use has led to the emergence of mupirocin-resistant (mupR) S. aureus. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the prevalence, phenotypic and molecular characteristics, and geographic spread of mupR S. aureus in Africa. Methods We examined five electronic databases (EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Scopus) for relevant English articles on screening for mupR S. aureus from various samples in Africa. In addition, we performed random effects meta-analysis of proportions to determine the pooled prevalence of mupR S. aureus in Africa. The search was conducted until 3 August 2016. Results We identified 43 eligible studies of which 11 (26%) were obtained only through Google Scholar. Most of the eligible studies (28/43; 65%) were conducted in Nigeria (10/43; 23%), Egypt (7/43; 16%), South Africa (6/43; 14%) and Tunisia (5/43; 12%). Overall, screening for mupR S. aureus was described in only 12 of 54 (22%) African countries. The disk diffusion method was the widely used technique (67%; 29/43) for the detection of mupR S. aureus in Africa. The mupA-positive S. aureus isolates were identified in five studies conducted in Egypt (n = 2), South Africa (n = 2), and Nigeria (n = 1). Low-level resistance (LmupR) and high-level resistance (HmupR) were both reported in six human studies from South Africa (n = 3), Egypt (n = 2) and Libya (n = 1). Data on mupR-MRSA was available in 11 studies from five countries, including Egypt, Ghana, Libya, Nigeria and South Africa. The pooled prevalence (based on 11 human studies) of mupR S. aureus in Africa was 14% (95% CI =6.8 to 23.2%). The proportion of mupA-positive S. aureus in Africa ranged between 0.5 and 8%. Furthermore, the frequency of S. aureus isolates that exhibited LmupR, HmupR and mupR-MRSA in Africa were 4 and 47%, 0.5 and 38%, 5 and 50%, respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of mupR S. aureus in Africa (14%) is worrisome and there is a need for data on administration and use of mupirocin. The disk diffusion method which is widely utilized in Africa could be an important method for the screening and identification of mupR S. aureus. Moreover, we advocate for surveillance studies with appropriate guidelines for screening mupR S. aureus in Africa

Data for: Efficacy and safety of Cinnamon in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Pre-diabetes patients: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression

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Data for: Efficacy and safety of Cinnamon in Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Pre-diabetes patients: A Meta-analysis and Meta-regression

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