88 research outputs found
Dynamics of a thin shell in the Reissner-Nordstrom metric
We describe the dynamics of a thin spherically symmetric gravitating shell in
the Reissner-Nordstrom metric of the electrically charged black hole. The
energy-momentum tensor of electrically neutral shell is modelled by the perfect
fluid with a polytropic equation of state. The motion of a shell is described
fully analytically in the particular case of the dust equation of state. We
construct the Carter-Penrose diagrams for the global geometry of the eternal
black hole, which illustrate all possible types of solutions for moving shell.
It is shown that for some specific range of initial parameters there are
possible the stable oscillating motion of the shell transferring it
consecutively in infinite series of internal universes. We demonstrate also
that this oscillating type of motion is possible for an arbitrary polytropic
equation of state on the shell.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure
Nonlinear evolution of dark matter and dark energy in the Chaplygin-gas cosmology
The hypothesis that dark matter and dark energy are unified through the
Chaplygin gas is reexamined. Using generalizations of the spherical model which
incorporate effects of the acoustic horizon we show that an initially
perturbative Chaplygin gas evolves into a mixed system containing cold dark
matter-like gravitational condensate.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, substantial revision, title changed, content
changed, added references, to appear in JCA
The met and unmet health needs for HIV, hypertension, and diabetes in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: analysis of a cross-sectional multimorbidity survey
BACKGROUND: The convergence of infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases in South Africa is challenging to health systems. In this analysis, we assessed the multimorbidity health needs of individuals and communities in rural KwaZulu-Natal and established a framework to quantify met and unmet health needs for individuals living with infectious and non-communicable diseases. METHODS: We analysed data collected between May 25, 2018, and March 13, 2020, from participants of a large, community-based, cross-sectional multimorbidity survey (Vukuzazi) that offered community-based HIV, hypertension, and diabetes screening to all residents aged 15 years or older in a surveillance area in the uMkhanyakude district in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Data from the Vukuzazi survey were linked with data from demographic and health surveillance surveys with a unique identifier common to both studies. Questionnaires were used to assess the diagnosed health conditions, treatment history, general health, and sociodemographic characteristics of an individual. For each condition (ie, HIV, hypertension, and diabetes), individuals were defined as having no health needs (absence of condition), met health needs (condition that is well controlled), or one or more unmet health needs (including diagnosis, engagement in care, or treatment optimisation). We analysed met and unmet health needs for individual and combined conditions and investigated their geospatial distribution. FINDINGS: Of 18 041 participants who completed the survey (12 229 [67·8%] were female and 5812 [32·2%] were male), 9898 (54·9%) had at least one of the three chronic diseases measured. 4942 (49·9%) of these 9898 individuals had at least one unmet health need (1802 [18·2%] of 9898 needed treatment optimisation, 1282 [13·0%] needed engagement in care, and 1858 [18·8%] needed a diagnosis). Unmet health needs varied by disease; 1617 (93·1%) of 1737 people who screened positive for diabetes, 2681 (58·2%) of 4603 people who screened positive for hypertension, and 1321 (21·7%) of 6096 people who screened positive for HIV had unmet health needs. Geospatially, met health needs for HIV were widely distributed and unmet health needs for all three conditions had specific sites of concentration; all three conditions had an overlapping geographical pattern for the need for diagnosis. INTERPRETATION: Although people living with HIV predominantly have a well controlled condition, there is a high burden of unmet health needs for people living with hypertension and diabetes. In South Africa, adapting current, widely available HIV care services to integrate non-communicable disease care is of high priority. FUNDING: Fogarty International Center and the National Institutes of Health, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, the South African Department of Science and Innovation, the South African Medical Research Council, the South African Population Research Infrastructure Network, and the Wellcome Trust. TRANSLATION: For the isiZulu translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section
Graviton production in the scaling of a long-cosmic-string network
In a previous paper [1] we considered the possibility that (within the
early-radiation epoch) there has been (also) a short period of a significant
presence of cosmic strings. During this radiation-plus-strings stage the
Universe matter-energy content can be modelled by a two-component fluid,
consisting of radiation (dominant) and a cosmic-string fluid (subdominant). It
was found that, during this stage, the cosmological gravitational waves (CGWs)
- that had been produced in an earlier (inflationary) epoch - with comoving
wave-numbers below a critical value (which depends on the physics of the
cosmic-string network) were filtered, leading to a distorsion in the expected
(scale-invariant) CGW power spectrum. In any case, the cosmological evolution
gradually results in the scaling of any long-cosmic-string network and, hence,
after a short time-interval, the Universe enters into the late-radiation era.
However, along the transition from an early-radiation epoch to the
late-radiation era through the radiation-plus-strings stage, the
time-dependence of the cosmological scale factor is modified, something that
leads to a discontinuous change of the corresponding scalar curvature, which,
in turn, triggers the quantum-mechanical creation of gravitons. In this paper
we discuss several aspects of such a process, and, in particular, the
observational consequences on the expected gravitational-wave (GW) power
spectrum.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review
First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. VII. Polarization of the Ring
In 2017 April, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the near-horizon region around the supermassive black hole at the core of the M87 galaxy. These 1.3 mm wavelength observations revealed a compact asymmetric ring-like source morphology. This structure originates from synchrotron emission produced by relativistic plasma located in the immediate vicinity of the black hole. Here we present the corresponding linear-polarimetric EHT images of the center of M87. We find that only a part of the ring is significantly polarized. The resolved fractional linear polarization has a maximum located in the southwest part of the ring, where it rises to the level of similar to 15%. The polarization position angles are arranged in a nearly azimuthal pattern. We perform quantitative measurements of relevant polarimetric properties of the compact emission and find evidence for the temporal evolution of the polarized source structure over one week of EHT observations. The details of the polarimetric data reduction and calibration methodology are provided. We carry out the data analysis using multiple independent imaging and modeling techniques, each of which is validated against a suite of synthetic data sets. The gross polarimetric structure and its apparent evolution with time are insensitive to the method used to reconstruct the image. These polarimetric images carry information about the structure of the magnetic fields responsible for the synchrotron emission. Their physical interpretation is discussed in an accompanying publication
A Low Concentration of Ethanol Impairs Learning but Not Motor and Sensory Behavior in Drosophila Larvae
Drosophila melanogaster has proven to be a useful model system for the genetic analysis of ethanol-associated behaviors. However, past studies have focused on the response of the adult fly to large, and often sedating, doses of ethanol. The pharmacological effects of low and moderate quantities of ethanol have remained understudied. In this study, we tested the acute effects of low doses of ethanol (∼7 mM internal concentration) on Drosophila larvae. While ethanol did not affect locomotion or the response to an odorant, we observed that ethanol impaired associative olfactory learning when the heat shock unconditioned stimulus (US) intensity was low but not when the heat shock US intensity was high. We determined that the reduction in learning at low US intensity was not a result of ethanol anesthesia since ethanol-treated larvae responded to the heat shock in the same manner as untreated animals. Instead, low doses of ethanol likely impair the neuronal plasticity that underlies olfactory associative learning. This impairment in learning was reversible indicating that exposure to low doses of ethanol does not leave any long lasting behavioral or physiological effects
Turkish Voter Response to Government Incompetence and Corruption Related to the 1999 Earthquakes
Response Error in a Web Survey and a Mailed Questionnaire: The Role of Cognitive Functioning
Organização, disponibilização e possibilidades de análise de dados sobre desastres de origem climática e seus impactos sobre a saúde no Brasil
Morfogênese de plantas de alho in vitro: papel dos reguladores de crescimento na indução e desenvolvimento de bulbos
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