Ellipsis and zeugma in Portuguese

In this article such a figure of speech as ellipsis in Portuguese is considered. An analysis of ellipsis, its functions, properties and features is conducted. Four types of ellipsis in Portuguese are described, with an analysis of their examples. Additionally, zeugma and its essence are considered, along with its relevance to ellipsis and their differences

LC-MS and UV study of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl acetate transformations in alkaline meidum

Transformations of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl acetate in alkaline medium include not only dimerization of unstable intermediate 4-methylene-2,5-cyclohexadienone but also dehydrogenation of phenolic compounds by the action of 3,3′,5,5′-tetra-tert-butylstilbenequinone to give mesomeric anions. This process is responsible for coloration of polymeric materials

Shear viscosity of degenerate electron matter

We calculate the partial electron shear viscosity $\eta_{ee}$ limited by electron-electron collisions in a strongly degenerate electron gas taking into account the Landau damping of transverse plasmons. The Landau damping strongly suppresses $\eta_{ee}$ in the domain of ultrarelativistic degenerate electrons and modifies its %asymptotic temperature behavior. The efficiency of the electron shear viscosity in the cores of white dwarfs and envelopes of neutron stars is analyzed.Comment: 16 pages, 4 figures, accepted to Journal of Physics

Anaerobic conversion of biomass upon disintegration in ultrasonic fields of low intensity

Disintegration is the destruction of the cell structure to release all its contents. This process facilitates bacteria access to nutrients and it results in a substrate decomposition rate increase. We can use thermal (the brief heating below one hundred degrees temperature at normal pressure or higher one hundred degrees temperature at enhanceable pressure) and chemical (enzymes and catalysts addition, which can positively influence the process speed), biochemical and physical-mechanical methods (the sonication). © 2014 WIT Press

SU(2) Skyrme Vortices

A regular method for constructing vortex-like solutions with cylindrical symmetry to the equations of the SU(2) Skyrme chiral model is proposed. A numerical estimate for the length density of mass is given

Heat flow rate at a bore-face and temperature in the multi-layer media surrounding a borehole

Assessment of the heat either delivered from high temperature rocks to the borehole or transmitted to the rock formation from circulating fluid is of crucial importance for a number of technological processes related to borehole drilling and exploitation. Normally the temperature fields in the well and surrounding rocks are calculated numerically by finite difference method or analytically by applying the Laplace-transform method. The former approach requires tedious and, in certain cases, non-trivial numerical computations. The latter method leads to rather bulky formulae that are inconvenient for further numerical evaluation. Moreover, in previous studies where the solution is obtained analytically, the heat interaction of the circulating fluid with the formation was treated on the condition of constant bore-face temperature. In the present study the temperature field in the rock formation disturbed by the heat flow from the borehole is modeled by a heat conduction equation, assuming the Newton model for the convective heat transfer on the bore-face, with boundary conditions that account for the thermal history of the borehole exploitation. The problem is solved analytically by the generalized heat balance integral method. Within this method the approximate solution of the heat conduction problem is sought in the form of a finite sum of functions that belong to a complete set of linearly independent functions defined at the finite interval bounded by the radius of thermal influence and that satisfy the homogeneous boundary conditions on the bore-face. In the present study first and second order approximations are obtained for the composite multi-layer domain. The numerical results illustrate that the second approximation is in a good agreement with the exact solution. The only disadvantage of this solution is that it depends on the radius of thermal influence, which is an implicit function of time and can only be found numerically by iterative algorithms. In order to eliminate this complication, in this study an approximate explicit formula for the radius of thermal influence and new close-form approximate solution are proposed on the basis of the approximate solution obtained by the integral-balance method. Employing the non-liner regression method the coefficients for this simplified solution are obtained. The accuracy of the approximate solution is validated by comparison with the exact analytical solution found by Carslaw and Jaeger for the homogeneous domain. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Large collection of astrophysical S-factors and its compact representation

Numerous nuclear reactions in the crust of accreting neutron stars are strongly affected by dense plasma environment. Simulations of superbursts, deep crustal heating and other nuclear burning phenomena in neutron stars require astrophysical S-factors for these reactions (as a function of center-of-mass energy E of colliding nuclei). A large database of S-factors is created for about 5000 non-resonant fusion reactions involving stable and unstable isotopes of Be, B, C, N, O, F, Ne, Na, Mg, and Si. It extends the previous database of about 1000 reactions involving isotopes of C, O, Ne, and Mg. The calculations are performed using the Sao Paulo potential and the barrier penetration formalism. All calculated S-data are parameterized by an analytic model for S(E) proposed before [Phys. Rev. C 82, 044609 (2010)] and further elaborated here. For a given reaction, the present S(E)-model contains three parameters. These parameters are easily interpolated along reactions involving isotopes of the same elements with only seven input parameters, giving an ultracompact, accurate, simple, and uniform database. The S(E) approximation can also be used to estimate theoretical uncertainties of S(E) and nuclear reaction rates in dense matter, as illustrated for the case of the 34Ne+34Ne reaction in the inner crust of an accreting neutron star.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figures, Phys. Rev. C, accepte

Influence of underwater barriers on the distribution of tsunami waves

© 2014. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Solitary wave propagation over underwater shelves and bumps is examined using straightforward analytical methods. Explicit solutions for wave propagation are obtained. Using the nonlinear shallow-water equations, it was found that propagation of small amplitude long waves can be well described by a linear approximation. The effects of topographical variety and proportion of underwater barriers (steps, bumps, multiple bumps) on the incident wave are demonstrated using linear wave theory. At a step, the incident wave is shown to be more strongly reflected for increased barrier size. The incident wave also transmits an amplified wave with smaller wavelength onto the obstacle. After propagating off of a bump, the wave experiences an amplitude decay. The decay rate is shown to be exponential with a variable number of bumps. Accounting for the presence of the small parameter, which represents the wave amplitude/water depth ratio, the nonlinear shallow-water equations were solved by the method of asymptotic expansions. Using the method of renormalization, a uniformly valid solution was obtained accounting for nonlinear effects in the vicinity of the sharp depth change. Far-field comparisons of the constructed solutions with the associated Riemann waves show good accuracy of the obtained solutions. Over an infinitely long shelf, the amplified transmitted wave breaks