Frozen storage characteristics of cultured Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man)

Cultured Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Scampi, about 30 g each) in headless shell-on form was individually quick frozen in a spiral freezer. The frozen samples were glazed and packed in polythene bags, which were further packed in master carton and stored at -18°C. Samples were drawn at regular intervals and subjected to biochemical, bacteriological and organoleptic analysis to study its storage characteristics. The data on the above parameters showed that the samples were in prime acceptable condition when stored up to 23 weeks. No appreciable change in colour and odour was noticed in the raw muscle. Afterwards, organoleptic evaluation of the cooked muscle revealed slight change in the flavour. Texture also appeared little tougher. These changes in organoleptic characters were well supported by the biochemical bacteriological changes in the muscle

Exploiting Data Mining Techniques For Improving the Efficiency of Time Series Data

The research work in data mining has achieved a high attraction due to the importance of its applications This paper addresses some theoretical and practical aspects on Exploiting Data Mining Techniques for Improving the Efficiency of Time Series Data using SPSS-CLEMENTINE. This paper can be helpful for an organization or individual when choosing proper software to meet their mining needs. In this paper, we propose utilizes the famous data mining software SPSS Clementine to mine the factors that affect information from various vantage points and analyse that information. However the purpose of this paper is to review the selected software for data mining for improving efficiency of time series data. Data mining techniques is the exploration and analysis of data in order to discover useful information from huge databases. So it is used to analyse a large audit data efficiently for Improving the Efficiency of Time Series Data. SPSS- Clementine is object-oriented, extended module interface, which allows users to add their own algorithms and utilities to Clementine’s visual programming environment. The overall objective of this research is to develop high performance data mining algorithms and tools that will provide support required to analyse the massive data sets generated by various processes that is used for predicting time series data using SPSS- Clementine. The aim of this paper is to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of data mining techniques in time series data and produce solutions for this purpose

An improved simple, robust, cheap and potential diagnostic device for Lead(II)

80-85Environmental pollution and its consequences are of global concern. There is an urgent need of development of simple, low-cost detection or diagnostic point of care devices to detect, analyze and determine the pollutants in various environmental, food and biological samples. Such development will be critically important for improvisation of human health and quality of life. Toxic heavy metals potential contaminates and has lethal effects on deterioration of environment and thereby on human health. Paper based analytical sensors are an efficient diagnostic point-of-care devices being cheap, robust, user friendly and environmental-friendly. We have proposed a paper-based sensor for detection and quantitative determination of Lead by immobilization of potassium iodide and ninhydrin over paper platform. A bright yellow colour of varying intensity develops on coming in contact with samples contaminated with lead. The coloured area is then scanned and images are transferred to image processing tool of MATLAB software to read their RGB values. The effective intensities are then calculated mathematically. The developed sensor determines the contamination of lead up to 0.01 ppm. Thus, the proposed paper based analytical sensor is potential diagnostic point –of-care device

An improved simple, robust, cheap and potential diagnostic device for Lead(II)

Environmental pollution and its consequences are of global concern. There is an urgent need of development of simple, low-cost detection or diagnostic point of care devices to detect, analyze and determine the pollutants in various environmental, food and biological samples. Such development will be critically important for improvisation of human health and quality of life. Toxic heavy metals potential contaminates and has lethal effects on deterioration of environment and thereby on human health. Paper based analytical sensors are an efficient diagnostic point-of-care devices being cheap, robust, user friendly and environmental-friendly. We have proposed a paper-based sensor for detection and quantitative determination of Lead by immobilization of potassium iodide and ninhydrin over paper platform. A bright yellow colour of varying intensity develops on coming in contact with samples contaminated with lead. The coloured area is then scanned and images are transferred to image processing tool of MATLAB software to read their RGB values. The effective intensities are then calculated mathematically. The developed sensor determines the contamination of lead up to 0.01 ppm. Thus, the proposed paper based analytical sensor is potential diagnostic point –of-care device

ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHTS IN MAHARASHTRA USING METEOROLOGICAL AND REMOTE SENSING BASED INDICES

Drought is a recurring climatic event characterized by slow onset, a gradual increase in its intensity, and persistence for a long period depending upon the availability of water. Droughts, broadly classified into meteorological, hydrological and agricultural drought, which are interconnected to each other. India, being an agriculture based economy depends primarily on agriculture production for its economic development and stability. The occurrence of agriculture drought affects the agricultural yield, which affects the regional economy to a larger extent. In present study, agricultural and meteorological drought in Maharashtra state was monitored using traditional as well as remote sensing methods. The meteorological drought assessment and characterization is done using two standard meteorological drought indices viz. standard precipitation index (SPI) and effective drought index (EDI). The severity and persistency of meteorological drought were studied using SPI for the period 1901 to 2015. However, accuracy of SPI in detection of sub-monthly drought is limited. Therefore, sub-monthly drought is effectively monitored using EDI. The monthly and sub-monthly drought mapped using SPI and EDI, respectively were then compared and assessed. It was concluded that EDI serves as a better indicator to monitor sub-monthly droughts. The agricultural drought monitoring was carried out using the remote sensing based indices such as vegetation condition index (VCI), temperature condition index (TCI), vegetation health index (VHI), shortwave angle slope index (SASI) and the index which maps the agricultural drought in a better way was identified. The area under drought as calculated by various agricultural drought indices compared with that of the EDI, it was found that the results of SASI matched with results of EDI. SASI denotes different values for the dry and wet soil and for the healthy and sparse vegetation. SASI monitors the agricultural drought better as compared to other indices used in this study

Melanosis and quality attributes of chill stored farm raised whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Loss of market value of shrimp is mainly due to the formation of black spot called melanosis. A study was conducted for 14 days to determine the extent of melanosis and quality changes during that period of freshly har-vested whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under chilled storage (2?). Among quality parameters, total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBAR-S), were varied from 13.17 mg % to 44.50 mg % and 0.04to 2.57 mg malondehaldehyde/kg of fat respectively whereas melanosis score and metric chroma (C) exhibited significant increases during chilled storage (P<0.05). There was a slight increase in moisture, crude fat and pH from 73.96 % to 74.57 %, 1.05 % to 1.14 % and 6.52 to 7.60 respectively at 14th day of storage. Loss of protein from 22.51 % to 21.28 % may be due to decrease in available amino acids during chilled storage and total plate count (TPC) showed gradual increase of bacterial load up to 1.73*107 log CFU/g at the end of chilled storage. The sensory analysis by panellists indicated, the acceptability of white leg shrimp was up to 6 days in chilled condition and formation of black spot is one of the major parameter for rejection by the panellists

Gangotri glacier dynamics from multi-sensor SAR and optical data

The present study has analyzed dynamics of Gangotri glacier using multiple remote sensing (RS) datasets and ground based observations. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data pairs from European Remote Sensing satellite (ERS 1/2) tandem pair for spring of 1996, Sentinel-1 SAR pairs and Japanese's Advance Land Observation System (ALOS) PALSAR-2 SAR data for Spring of 2015 were used to derive glacier-surface velocity at seasonal time scale using Differential InSAR (DInSAR) techniques. Bi-static TanDEM-X (Experimental) data was used for the 1st time to estimate glacier surface elevation changes for a period of 22, 44, 88 days during summer of 2012 using InSAR techniques in this study. Annual glacier velocity was also estimated using temporal panchromatic data of LANDSAT-5 (30 m), LANDSAT-7/8 (15 m), Sentinel-2 (10 m) and Indian Remote Sensing Satellite IRS-1C/1D panchromatic (5 m) data during 1998–2019 with feature tracking approach. This study has estimated glacier surface velocity and surface elevation changes for the major parts of Gangotri glacier and its tributary glaciers using medium to high resolution optical and SAR datasets, at annual and seasonal time scale, which is an improvement over earlier studies, wherein snout based glacier recession or only main glacier velocities were reported. The velocity and slope were used to assess glacier-ice thickness distribution using Glabtop-2, slope dependent and laminar flow based methods over the Gangotri group of glaciers. The estimated ice thickness was estimated in the range of 58–550 m for the complete glacier while few small areas in middle &amp; upper regions carry higher thickness of about 607 m. The estimated glacier-ice thickness was found in the range of 58–67 m at the snout region. The estimation was validated using 2014 field measurements from Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS) for the first time and correlation was found to be 0.799 at snout of the glacier.</p

TRAINING, EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND CAPACITY BUILDING NEEDS AND FUTURE REQUIREMENTS IN APPLICATIONS OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY FOR WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

In India, water resources are managed at different levels, i.e. at central level by Ministry of Water Resources, River Development &amp; Ganga Rejuvenation, Central Water Commission and Central Ground Water Board, at states level by state water resources departments, and at local level by Municipal Corporation and Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). As per India’s national water policy of year 2012 focuses on adaption to climate change, enhancement of water availability, water demand management by efficient water use practices, management of floods and droughts, water supply and sanitation, trans-boundary rivers, conservation of water bodies and infrastructure, and finally research and training needs for each theme. Geospatial technology has unique role in all aforementioned themes. Therefore, research and training in use of Geospatial Technology (GST) in water sector is needed for each theme at different levels of water administration and water utilisation. The current paper discusses the existing framework and content of capacity building in water sector and geospatial technology in use at various government organizations and institutes. The major gap areas and future capacity building requirements are also highlighted, along with duration and timelines of training/capacity building programs. The use of distance learning/educations tools, social media, and e-learning are also highlighted in promoting use of GST in water sector. The emerging technological trends such as, new remote sensing sensors for measuring water cycle components, ground sensors based field instruments, cloud based data integration and computational models, webGIS based water information portals and training needs of new technologies are also emphasised

IMPORTANCE OF INCORPORATION OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS IN WATER RESOURCES AT GRADUATE AND POST-GRADUATE COURSES OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Water is a very crucial element to sustain life on earth. The availability of water varies both spatially and temporally. India being a water stress country, the per capita availability of water is reducing with time. It is predicted that by 2050 around 54% of the country will be water scarce. The changing climate along with the ever-increasing population is putting additional stress on water availability. The science of water, its availability and distribution on earth and its atmosphere, is generally regarded as hydrology. The important aspects of hydrology and hydraulic or more broadly water resources are taught as the subject or optional subjects the branch of Civil Engineering at almost all engineering institutes/colleges at the undergraduate level. It is also one of the specializations for post-graduate level studies. It is, by now, well proven that the geospatial technology play crucial role in water resources assessment, planning and management. However, the young minds (graduate and post-graduate students) are just being trained for typical hydrology using traditional means and approaches. The advancement and potential of geospatial technology has drawn the attention of academician, and it has been started as a subject mostly at the post-graduate courses. Recently, some of the institutions have started courses on geo-informatics at the graduate level. However, the hydrology and geospatial technology are generally taught as two separate subjects under different course at different levels mostly under the broad subject of Civil Engineering. The present paper emphasis on needs and ways of updating Civil Engineering course curriculum by focusing on incorporation of applications of geospatial technology in hydrology as regular subject