The International Phenological Garden network (1959 to 2021): its 131 gardens, cloned study species, data archiving, and future

Collaborative networks that involve the compilation of observations from diverse sources can provide important data, but are difficult to maintain over long periods. The International Phenological Garden (IPG) network, begun in 1959 and still functioning 60~years later, has been no exception. Here we document its history, its monitored 23 species (initially all propagated by cloning), and the locations and years of data contribution of its 131 gardens, of which 63 from 19 countries contributed data in 2021. The decision to use clones, rather than multiple, locally adapted individuals, was based on the idea that this would \textquotedblcontrol\textquotedbl for genetic effects, and it~affects the applicability of the data and duration of the network. We also describe the overlap among the IPG network, the Pan-European Phenology network (PEP725), and the phenological data offered by the German Weather Service. Sustainable data storage and accessibility, as well as the continued monitoring of all 23 species/clones, are under discussion at the moment, as is the fate of other phenological networks, despite a politically mandatory plant-based climate-change monitoring

Discrepancy in the cross section minimum of elastic nucleon-deuteron scattering

Δ-isobar excitation in the nuclear medium yields an effective three-nucleon force. A coupled-channel formulation of nucleon-deuteron scattering with Δ-isobar excitation developed previously is used. The three-particle scattering equations are solved by a separable expansion of the two-baryon transition matrix below the inelastic threshold of pion production. The effect of Δ-isobar excitation on the spin-averaged differential cross section is studied. The discrepancy between theory and experiment in the diffraction minimum is reduced

Breakup in nucleon-deuteron scattering with Δ-isobar excitation

Breakup in nucleon-deuteron scattering is described. The description is based on a coupled-channel two-baryon potential that allows for the virtual excitation of a nucleon to a Δ isobar. The Coulomb interaction is not included. Channel coupling gives rise to an effective three-nucleon force. The three-particle scattering equations are solved by real-axis integration using a separable expansion of the two-baryon transition matrix. Examples for spin-averaged and spin-dependent observables are calculated and compared with experimental data

Experimental Investigation of the Effect Of Zeolite Coating Thickness on the Performance of a Novel Zeolite-Water Adsorption Heat Pump Module

A novel zeolite-water absorption heat pump module comprising an adsorber, an evaporator and a condenser heat exchanger as well as a module non-return valve in a hermetically sealed vessel is introduced. The investigated adsorber heat exchanger is an extruded aluminum finned-tube heat exchanger coated with AQSOA-Z02 zeolite of Mitsubishi Plastics Incorporation (MPI). The effect of the Zeolite layer thickness (300 and 500 micrometers) on the performance of the heat pump module has been experimentally investigated under different operating conditions related to floor heating systems in Middle Europe. A coefficient of performance (COP) of 1.18 has been measured with the 300 micrometers coated adsorber at a return temperature of 35 C, increasing 1.23 at a return temperature of 25 C. With the 500 micrometer coated adsorber, the measured COPs have been enhanced to 1.27 and 1.35, respectively. This enhancement has been attributed to the increase of the ration between zeolite and heat exchanger heat capacities

IMP2 Expression In The Mouse Nervous System

Background: Insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) mRNA-binding protein-2 (IMP2) is one of the three homologs (IMP1-3) that play important roles in the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression in several tissues. IMP1/ZBP1 (zipcode binding protein) has been shown to play important roles in axon guidance and regeneration by regulating the localization and translation of specific mRNAs. However, the function of IMP2 is least understood, largely because an isoform-specific antibody is not available, which makes the conventional techniques to locate protein expression not feasible

Typology of the antegonial notch in the human mandible

Background: Surgical treatment for serious malocclusions and fractures of the organ of mastication is a golden standard in medicine. Procedures performed on the mandible require detailed knowledge of the anatomy of the organ. Antegonial notching constitutes a serious technical challenge for surgeons. Therefore, a detailed anatomical description of this structure, which is the subject of this paper, is essential. Materials and methods: We analysed 251 human Caucasian mandibles of identified sex and took measurements of all sections describing the mandibular antegonial notch. Depending on the proportion between sections we classified the shape of the antegonial notch into three types. The surface area of the notch was calculated. We analysed the dimorphic and bilateral differences for each of the three types of notch. We used variance analysis for the assessment of statistical difference. Results: The analysis revealed that in both men and women, regardless of body side, the type 3 antegonial notch was the most frequent. Type 3 occurred with a frequency of between 38% in men on the right side and 55.9% in women on the left side of the body. Type 1 was the least frequent. Dimorphic differences in the presence of individual types of antegonial notch were statistically significant only for the left side of the body. The symmetrical type (type 2) occurred more frequently in men (by 11%) than in women. Type 3 was found more frequently in women (by 10%) than in men. Bilateral differences in men were revealed for the frequencies of types 1 and 3. On the right side type 1 was more frequent (by 8%), and on the left side type 3 was also more frequent (by 8%). The greatest surface area was found for the asymmetrical posterior type (type 1). The smallest surface area was found for the asymmetrical anterior type 3. This difference was statistically significant with respect to the surface area of types 1 and type 2 and found for both sexes for both sides of the body. However, no statistically significant differences were found between the surface areas of types 1 or 2. Conclusions: Knowledge of the preangular notch anatomy can be useful for surgeons during reconstructive and plastic procedures on the body of the mandible

Landscape change and biodiversity values of floodplains along the River Vistula, Poland.

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Three- and Four-Body Scattering Calculations including the Coulomb Force

The method of screening and renormalization for including the Coulomb interaction in the framework of momentum-space integral equations is applied to the three- and four-body nuclear reactions. The Coulomb effect on the observables and the ability of the present nuclear potential models to describe the experimental data is discussed.Comment: Proceedings of the Critical Stability workshop, Erice, Sicily, October 2008, to be published in Few-Body System

Evolution of Li, Be and B in the Galaxy

In this paper we study the production of Li, Be and B nuclei by Galactic cosmic ray spallation processes. We include three kinds of processes: (i) spallation by light cosmic rays impinging on interstellar CNO nuclei (direct processes); (ii) spallation by CNO cosmic ray nuclei impinging on interstellar p and 4He (inverse processes); and (iii) alpha-alpha fusion reactions. The latter dominate the production of 6Li and 7Li. We calculate production rates for a closed-box Galactic model, verifying the quadratic dependence of the Be and B abundances for low values of Z. These are quite general results and are known to disagree with observations. We then show that the multi-zone multi-population model we used previously for other aspects of Galactic evolution produces quite good agreement with the linear trend observed at low metallicities without fine tuning. We argue that reported discrepancies between theory and observations do not represent a nucleosynthetic problem, but instead are the consequences of inaccurate treatments of Galactic evolution.Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures, LaTeX. The Astrophysical Journal, in pres