7,874 research outputs found
Quasi-Local Energy Flux of Spacetime Perturbation
A general expression for quasi-local energy flux for spacetime perturbation
is derived from covariant Hamiltonian formulation using functional
differentiability and symplectic structure invariance, which is independent of
the choice of the canonical variables and the possible boundary terms one
initially puts into the Lagrangian in the diffeomorphism invariant theories.
The energy flux expression depends on a displacement vector field and the
2-surface under consideration. We apply and test the expression in Vaidya
spacetime. At null infinity the expression leads to the Bondi type energy flux
obtained by Lindquist, Schwartz and Misner. On dynamical horizons with a
particular choice of the displacement vector, it gives the area balance law
obtained by Ashtekar and Krishnan.Comment: 8 pages, added appendix, version to appear in Phys. Rev.
The structure of trailing vortices generated by model rotor blades
Hot-wire anemometry to analyze the structure and geometry of rotary wing trailing vortices is studied. Tests cover a range of aspect ratios and blade twist. For all configurations, measured vortex strength correlates well with maximum blade-bound circulation. Measurements of wake geometry are in agreement with classical data for high-aspect ratios. The detailed vortex structure is similar to that found for fixed wings and consists of four well defined regions--a viscous core, a turbulent mixing region, a merging region, and an inviscid outer region. A single set of empirical formulas for the entire set of test data is described
Experimental studies of equilibrium vortex properties in a Bose-condensed gas
We characterize several equilibrium vortex effects in a rotating
Bose-Einstein condensate. Specifically we attempt precision measurements of
vortex lattice spacing and the vortex core size over a range of condensate
densities and rotation rates. These measurements are supplemented by numerical
simulations, and both experimental and numerical data are compared to theory
predictions of Sheehy and Radzihovsky [17] (cond-mat/0402637) and Baym and
Pethick [25] (cond-mat/0308325). Finally, we study the effect of the
centrifugal weakening of the trapping spring constants on the critical
temperature for quantum degeneracy and the effects of finite temperature on
vortex contrast.Comment: Fixed minor notational inconsistencies in figures. 12 pages, 8
figure
Topological String Partition Functions as Polynomials
We investigate the structure of the higher genus topological string
amplitudes on the quintic hypersurface. It is shown that the partition
functions of the higher genus than one can be expressed as polynomials of five
generators. We also compute the explicit polynomial forms of the partition
functions for genus 2, 3, and 4. Moreover, some coefficients are written down
for all genus.Comment: 22 pages, 6 figures. v2:typos correcte
Properties of the symplectic structure of General Relativity for spatially bounded spacetime regions
We continue a previous analysis of the covariant Hamiltonian symplectic
structure of General Relativity for spatially bounded regions of spacetime. To
allow for near complete generality, the Hamiltonian is formulated using any
fixed hypersurface, with a boundary given by a closed spacelike 2-surface. A
main result is that we obtain Hamiltonians associated to Dirichlet and Neumann
boundary conditions on the gravitational field coupled to matter sources, in
particular a Klein-Gordon field, an electromagnetic field, and a set of
Yang-Mills-Higgs fields. The Hamiltonians are given by a covariant form of the
Arnowitt-Deser-Misner Hamiltonian modified by a surface integral term that
depends on the particular boundary conditions. The general form of this surface
integral involves an underlying ``energy-momentum'' vector in the spacetime
tangent space at the spatial boundary 2-surface. We give examples of the
resulting Dirichlet and Neumann vectors for topologically spherical 2-surfaces
in Minkowski spacetime, spherically symmetric spacetimes, and stationary
axisymmetric spacetimes. Moreover, we show the relation between these vectors
and the ADM energy-momentum vector for a 2-surface taken in a limit to be
spatial infinity in asymptotically flat spacetimes. We also discuss the
geometrical properties of the Dirichlet and Neumann vectors and obtain several
striking results relating these vectors to the mean curvature and normal
curvature connection of the 2-surface. Most significantly, the part of the
Dirichlet vector normal to the 2-surface depends only the spacetime metric at
this surface and thereby defines a geometrical normal vector field on the
2-surface. Properties and examples of this normal vector are discussed.Comment: 46 pages; minor errata corrected in Eqs. (3.15), (3.24), (4.37) and
in discussion of examples in sections IV B,
Competitiveness and workforce performance: Asia vis-à -vis the “West”
© 2016, © Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Purpose: The purpose of this eight-country study is to examine what drives performance at the individual worker’s level and compare the explanatory power of such drivers between emerging, newly developed and developed markets around the globe. Design/methodology/approach: The study combines established behavioural theory developed in a Western context with three factors anticipated to be most relevant in Asia (competitive attitude, willingness to serve and speed) as drivers of workforce performance. Four thousand working and middle-class respondents from eight countries were sampled. The associations were tested using structural equation modelling, and workforce performance was measured using univariate analysis. Findings: Three country clusters emerged from the research: emerging economies in Asia (Indonesia, India), where the three factors powerfully explain performance; “Confucian orbit countries” (China, Japan, Korea), where the factors explain 81-93 per cent; and highly developed Western countries (the USA, the UK, Germany), where the factors account for only 20-29 per cent. Practical implications: As well as providing a framework for modelling workforce performance, particularly in Asian countries, the findings indicate that workforce performance should be incorporated in performance indexes. The findings as to which drivers best explain workforce performance in each county can inform workforce recruitment and management, as well as the location of businesses and outsourcing. Originality/value: For the first time, the study addresses the anomaly between economic growth and development experienced by Asian countries and their relatively low rankings in global competitiveness indexes by making the link between workforce performance and country performance
Customers’ savings rate and share of wallet: the moderating role of religion and ethnicity/immigrant generation vis-à -vis attitude as mediator
© 2016, © 2016 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This study explores the role of attitude toward money, religion and ethnicity in the relationship between income and consumer behavior. The three-country (Australia, Canada and China) study sampled 755 consumers and uses structural equation modeling and multivariate analysis to test for mediating effects of attitude toward money and moderating effects of religion and ethnicity/immigrant generation. Religion is found to be a moderating variable for savings rate and share of wallet, while ethnicity/immigrant generation only moderates the association between income and savings rate. We also demonstrate the interaction effects of religion and ethnicity/immigrant generation with income as determinants of savings rate and share of wallet. This research provides the foundation for modeling savings rate and share of wallet, incorporating attitude, religion, and ethnicity/immigrant generation, as well as income, demonstrating the need to include other factors (i.e. demographic factors in addition to attitudinal/satisfaction measures) to better identify, understand and strategically target consumer segments with potential for profitability and growth
Efficient nonlinear room-temperature spin injection from ferromagnets into semiconductors through a modified Schottky barrier
We suggest a consistent microscopic theory of spin injection from a
ferromagnet (FM) into a semiconductor (S). It describes tunneling and emission
of electrons through modified FM-S Schottky barrier with an ultrathin heavily
doped interfacial S layer . We calculate nonlinear spin-selective properties of
such a reverse-biased FM-S junction, its nonlinear I-V characteristic, current
saturation, and spin accumulation in S. We show that the spin polarization of
current, spin density, and penetration length increase with the total current
until saturation. We find conditions for most efficient spin injection, which
are opposite to the results of previous works, since the present theory
suggests using a lightly doped resistive semiconductor. It is shown that the
maximal spin polarizations of current and electrons (spin accumulation) can
approach 100% at room temperatures and low current density in a nondegenerate
high-resistance semiconductor.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures; provides detailed comparison with earlier works
on spin injectio
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