Research in large adaptive antenna arrays

The feasibility of microwave holographic imaging of targets near the earth using a large random conformal array on the earth's surface and illumination by a CW source on a geostationary satellite is investigated. A geometrical formulation for the illuminator-target-array relationship is applied to the calculation of signal levels resulting from L-band illumination supplied by a satellite similar to ATS-6. The relations between direct and reflected signals are analyzed and the composite resultant signal seen at each antenna element is described. Processing techniques for developing directional beam formation as well as SNR enhancement are developed. The angular resolution and focusing characteristics of a large array covering an approximately circular area on the ground are determined. The necessary relations are developed between the achievable SNR and the size and number of elements in the array. Numerical results are presented for possible air traffic surveillance system. Finally, a simple phase correlation experiment is defined that can establish how large an array may be constructed

Random sampling adaptively focusing synthetic aperture radar

A high resolution narrow angle of view imaging radar system is considered that employs an airborne synthetic aperture of 600 meters operating at X-band to produce a beamwidth of approximately 0.05 mr. This system differs from a conventional SAR in that only a smaller number of wavefront samples, spaced randomly over the aperture are processed, and adaptive beamforming with open loop scanning is used. As a result, the processing requirements are reduced to within the capability of present day small computer technology, and the tolerance on flight stability is loosened by about 100:1. The system is described and initial analysis and evaluation results are presented

Breaking the Silence: Should Jurors Be Allowed to Question Witnesses During Trial?

The above line of questioning destroyed the defendant\u27s chance of being acquitted. Surprisingly, however, the questions that sealed the defendant\u27s fate were raised by a juror after the prosecutor had failed to elicit the devastating facts.\u27 The notion of allowing jurors to question witnesses during a trial is not a novel one, but the governmental entities responsible for supervising the court system never have encouraged the practice.\u27 As a result, juror questioning is not widespread.\u27 This situation, however, may be changing. During 1989 judges in at least thirty states, including New York, California, and Connecticut, agreed to conduct the first nation- wide experiment in which jury members could question witnesses in both civil and criminal trials and inform the judges of any need for additional information. The experiment has generated significant national media attention and has sparked public debate among trial lawyers, judges, and jury psychologists.\u27 The jury\u27s basic function is to resolve the questions of fact presented during the course of the trial and to do so within established trial procedure.\u27 The jury is, however, under two severe handicaps. First, courtroom procedures often are foreign to the members of the panel. Second, attorneys present evidence through one-way communication-the attorneys talk and the jurors listen.\u27 In most courtrooms in the United States today, two-way communication is allowed between the members of the jury and the lawyers only when the jury renders a verdict. Considering that most interpersonal encounters in daily life use two-way communication, the one-way communication process utilized in American courtrooms is unusual

Changing patterns : a case study of staff development activities in an urban middle school.

Changing Patterns is the case study of three staff develoment programs carried out over an eight year span at the John W. McCormack Middle School located in Dorchester, MA. Each of the programs is described in detail in order to illustrate the theoretical framework created by the review of the literature. The review includes two areas: the staff development needs for experienced urban teachers and a definition of early adolescence. The review of the personal and professional needs of experienced teachers facing middle adulthood concludes that staff development in school can meet those needs. The definition of early adolecence is presented because of the importance of teacher training including the developmental needs of the learner. From interviews with teachers who participated in the first year it is clear that teachers generally understand the needs of early adolescents although they do not always address the intellectual needs of their students in a daily instruction. However, teachers do show an interest in participating in staff development programs that offer them some autonomy and responsibility. The incentives most frequently identified for participation in such programs were personal growth, team building among staff members, and usefulness to their students. The power of role models underlined most of what they said and did

Study of large adaptive arrays for space technology applications

The research in large adaptive antenna arrays for space technology applications is reported. Specifically two tasks were considered. The first was a system design study for accurate determination of the positions and the frequencies of sources radiating from the earth's surface that could be used for the rapid location of people or vehicles in distress. This system design study led to a nonrigid array about 8 km in size with means for locating the array element positions, receiving signals from the earth and determining the source locations and frequencies of the transmitting sources. It is concluded that this system design is feasible, and satisfies the desired objectives. The second task was an experiment to determine the largest earthbound array which could simulate a spaceborne experiment. It was determined that an 800 ft array would perform indistinguishably in both locations and it is estimated that one several times larger also would serve satisfactorily. In addition the power density spectrum of the phase difference fluctuations across a large array was measured. It was found that the spectrum falls off approximately as f to the minus 5/2 power

A survey thesis of the personal reading preferences of children in the intermediate grades

Thesis (Ed.M.)--Boston Universit

Cube to cage transitions in (H 2 O) n ( n =12, 16, and 20)

Molecular dynamics computer simulations were performed for (H2O)n (n=12, 16, and 20) followed by systematic quenching under a polarizable and a nonpolarizable model to determine the minimum energy structures each favored. Ab initio calculations were done on several minima for (H2O)12 to determine their relative energies. The polarizable model prefers cagelike structures for all cluster sizes, whereas the nonpolarizable model predicts minima of fused cubes for (H2O)12 and (H2O)16 but makes the transition to a cagelike minimum at (H2O)20

Current Chemotherapeutic Management of Patients with Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) describes a heterogeneous group of interrelated lesions that arise from abnormal proliferation of placental trophoblasts. GTN lesions are histologically distinct, malignant lesions that include invasive hydatidiform mole, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT) and epithelioid trophoblastic tumor (ETT). GTN tumors are generally highly responsive to chemotherapy. Early stage GTN disease is often cured with single-agent chemotherapy. In contrast, advanced stage disease requires multiagent combination chemotherapeutic regimens to achieve a cure. Various adjuvant surgical procedures can be helpful to treat women with GTN. Patients require careful followup after completing treatment and recurrent disease should be aggressively managed. Women with a history of GTN are at increased risk of subsequent GTN, hence future pregnancies require careful monitoring to ensure normal gestational development. This article will review the workup, management and followup of women with all stages of GTN as well as with recurrent disease

ATHENA: A Phase 3, Open-Label Study Of The Safety And Effectiveness Of Oliceridine (TRV130), A G-Protein Selective Agonist At The µ-Opioid Receptor, In Patients With Moderate To Severe Acute Pain Requiring Parenteral Opioid Therapy.

Background:Pain management with conventional opioids can be challenging due to dose-limiting adverse events (AEs), some of which may be related to the simultaneous activation of β-arrestin (a signaling pathway associated with opioid-related AEs) and G-protein pathways. The investigational analgesic oliceridine is a G-protein-selective agonist at the µ-opioid receptor with less recruitment of β-arrestin. The objective of this phase 3, open-label, multi-center study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability, of IV oliceridine for moderate to severe acute pain in a broad, real-world patient population, including postoperative surgical patients and non-surgical patients with painful medical conditions. Methods:Adult patients with a score ≥4 on 11-point NRS for pain intensity received IV oliceridine either by bolus or PCA; multimodal analgesia was permitted. Safety was assessed using AE reports, study discontinuations, clinical laboratory and vital sign measures. Results:A total of 768 patients received oliceridine. The mean age (SD) was 54.1 (16.1) years, with 32% ≥65 years of age. Most patients were female (65%) and Caucasian (78%). Surgical patients comprised the majority of the study population (94%), most common being orthopedic (30%), colorectal (15%) or gynecologic (15%) procedures. Multimodal analgesia was administered to 84% of patients. Oliceridine provided a rapid reduction in NRS pain score by 2.2 ± 2.3 at 30 mins from a score of 6.3 ± 2.1 (at baseline) which was maintained to the end of treatment. No deaths or significant cardiorespiratory events were reported. The incidence of AEs leading to early discontinuation and serious AEs were 2% and 3%, respectively. Nausea (31%), constipation (11%), and vomiting (10%) were the most common AEs. AEs were mostly of mild (37%) or moderate (25%) severity and considered possibly or probably related to oliceridine in 33% of patients. Conclusion:Oliceridine IV for the management of moderate to severe acute pain was generally safe and well tolerated in the patients studied. ClinicalTrialsgov identifier:NCT02656875