Methyl parathion induced regional alterations in the regulatory proteins during critical stage of central nervous system development in albino rat pups

Sublethal doses of methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-nitropbenyl-thiophosphate) injected intraperitoneally to IS and 21 day old rat pups induced regional alterations in the central nervous system (CNS) in the levels of total RNA, total proteins, modulatory protein Calmodulin (CaM), in the activity levels of memberane bound enzyme Cal•• ATPase and phospholipids. Levels of RNA and tOtal proteins increased considerably in IS days old methyl parathion treated (MPT) rat pups. Contrary to this the RNA lIIId total protein content exhibited remarkable decrease in 21 d.y old melthyl parathion treated animah. Calmodulin level showed an increase in cerebn.1 cortex and brain stern and decrease in cerebellum and spinal cord in IS day old methyl parathion treated rat pups. Whereas the level of Calmodulin decreased in cerebral cortex and cerebellum and increased in brain stem and spinal cord in 21 day ·old methyl parathion treated rat pups. Activity levels of calcium dependent ATPase showed significant inhibition in all the regions of Central Nervous System (CNS) of IS and 21 day old methyl parathion treated rat pups. Phospholipids showed a general increase in all the regions of Central Nervous System on methyl parathion exposure. In the light of these observations, it has been suggested that the molecular regulatory mechanisms involving Ca"/CaM are rendered inefficieilt due to toxic impact of methyl parathion

Small Bites: Star formation recipes in extreme dwarfs

We study the relationship between the gas column density (Sigma_HI) and the star formation rate surface density (Sigma_SFR) for a sample of extremely small (M_B ~ -13, Delta V_50 ~ 30 km/s) dwarf irregular galaxies. We find a clear stochasticity in the relation between the gas column density and star formation. All gas with Sigma_HI >~ 10 M_sun/pc^2 has some ongoing star formation, but the fraction of gas with ongoing star formation decreases as the gas column density decreases, and falls to about 50% at Sigma_HI ~ 3 M_sun/pc^2. Further, even for the most dense gas, the star formation efficiency is at least a factor of ~ 2 smaller than typical of star forming regions in spirals. We also find that the ratio of H-alpha emission to FUV emission increases with increasing gas column density. This is unlikely to be due to increasing dust extinction because the required dust to gas ratios are too high. We suggest instead that this correlation arises because massive (i.e. H-alpha producing) stars are formed preferentially in regions with high gas density.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters. The definitive version is available at www.blackwell- synergy.co

Eco-friendly management of anthracnose of chilli caused by Colletotrichum capsici

The anthracnose of chilli caused by Colletotrichum capsici is a widespread problem limiting the profitable cultivation and seed production of chilli throughout the major chilli growing regions of India. Four isolates (SCC1, SCC2, SCC3 and SCC4) of C. capsici were collected from different chilli growing areas of West Bengal. An experiment on efficacy of four botanical oils viz., Garlic (Allium sativum), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Polyalthia (Polyalthia longifolia) and Citronella(Cymbopogon nardus) at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2% and two isolates each of three biocontrol agents (Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride and Pseudomonas flourescens) were carried out against these isolates of C. capsici in vitro. The result revealed significant (5% level of significance) antifungal activities of these botanicals and biocontrol agents. Garlic gave cent per cent inhibition of mycelial growth of all the four isolates of C. capsici at all the concentrations tested. However, neem showed cent percent inhibition of mycelial growth of C. capsici at 0.1%. Citronella was least effective among the botanical oils. Among the biocontrol agents tested T. harzianum isolate Th-2 was found most effective giving 77.78%, 100%, 83.33 % and 88.89% inhibition on the mycelial growth of SCC1, SCC2, SCC3 and SCC4 respectively followed by T. harzianum isolate Th-1 inhibiting 74.00%, 78.9% 81.7% and 80.90% of the mycelial growth of SCC1, SCC2, SCC3 and SCC4 respectively. P. fluorescens was least effective. Thus, garlic, neem, polyalthia, T. harzianumand T. viride can be utilized for management of anthracnose of chilli

Impunity of frequent corporate homicides by recurrent fires at garment factories in Bangladesh: Bangladeshi culpable homicide compared with its equivalents in the United Kingdom and Australia

How corporations can be best prevented from causing deaths of others has been a critical concern of judges, legislators, prosecutors and academics alike around the world since the 19th century. Concerns for workplace safety have mounted globally in recent decades, propelling the demand for industrial manslaughter prosecution as a more effective use of criminal suits. Like the regulation of human conduct, criminal Jaw is considered to be an instrument for changing corporate behaviour in a way that fosters future conformity with the expectations of society

Design And Implementation Of Multibit Flip-Flop Utilizing Verilog Hdl

Power consumption is an important issue in modern low-power, high-frequency VLSI design. Joining these methods that group account flows and settings also allows money control. We are considering the MBFF alignment and its collaborative energy with the FF information for clock change probabilities. A probabilistic model is triggered to increase normal vital sign buffers by collecting FFs by extending your request for information to the probabilities of turning the clock. Front-end configuration flow, guided by reflections on the physical design of a 65nm 32-bit 28nm MIPS mechanical system processor. It was shown in 24% and 18% individually, contrasting and specifically with the common FF. On mutual funds it was due to the DDCG format in the MBFF