Etiology of acute scrotal pain in children and adolescent patients admitted in Ahvaz Educational Hospitals

Purpose Acute scrotum is an emergency condition requiring rapid intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological specifications of acute scrotum.Patients and methods This retrospective study was carried out on patients less than 21 years admitted with a diagnosis of acute scrotum in the surgical and medical wards from 2009 to 2010. One hundred and thirty-nine patients were included in this study. Epi-info version 6.4 (CDC) was used for data analysis.Results The final diagnoses were as follows: spermatic cord torsion (n =57, 41.00%), incarcerated inguinal hernia (n =30, 21.60%), epididymo-orchitis (n= 28, 20.14%), missed torsion (n =15, 10.79%), testicular trauma (n=5, 3.60%), and torsion of the appendix of the testis (n= 4, 2.87%). The most common age groups in relation to the diagnoses were as follows: testicular torsion and missed torsion (10–15 years, 34.7%), torsion of appendix testis (10–15 years, 100%), epididymo-orchitis (15–21 years, 85.71%), and incarcerated inguinal hernia with two peaks of age ( <5 years, 46.7%). Fifty-eight patients (41.72%) visited the hospital less than 6 h after the onset of pain. Twenty-eight patients underwent orchiectomy or orchiopexy and 38 patients underwent detorsion and bilateral orchiopexy. A herniotomy was performed in 15 patients and herniorraphy in 10 patients. An appendectomy was performed in four patients. Other procedures were carried out in seven patients. Out of 72 patients diagnosed with torsion (57 patients) or missed torsion (15 patients), 38 patients (52.7%) underwent a testicular salvage surgery (detorsion and orchiopexy). Out of all patients (139 patients), 92 patients underwent surgery and the rest (47 patients) were treated conservatively. These 47 patients had epididymo-orchitis (n= 28), testicular trauma (n =4), incarcerated inguinal hernia (n= 5), and missed torsion and testicular torsion (n= 10). Out of 27 patients with abnormal urinary findings, 19 patients had epididymo-orchitis.Conclusion The most common important differential diagnosis for acute scrotum is spermatic cord torsion. Most of the abnormal urinary findings were observed in patients with epididymo-orchitis. Most of the patients underwent surgery less than 6 h of disease onset. In patients with spermatic cord torsion, the affected testis has to be evaluated and treated during the first 6 h of presentation.Keywords: epididymitis, epididymo-orchitis, herniotomy, hydrocele, inguinal hernia, orchiopexy, scrotum, testicular torsion, traum

Boosting terahertz-radiation power with two-color circularly polarized midinfrared laser pulses

A way to considerably enhance terahertz radiation, emitted in the interaction of intense midinfrared laser pulses with atomic gases, in both the total energy and the electric-field amplitude is suggested. The scheme is based on the application of a two-color field consisting of a strong circularly polarized midinfrared pulse with wavelengths of 1.6-4 mu m and its linearly or circularly polarized second harmonic of lower intensity. By combining the strong-field approximation for the ionization of a single atom with particle-in-cell simulations of the collective dynamics of the generated plasma, it is shown that the application of such two-color circularly polarized laser pulses may lead to an order-of-magnitude increase in the energy emitted in the terahertz frequency domain as well as in a considerable enhancement in the maximal electric field of the terahertz pulse. Our results support recently reported experimental and numerical finding

Subversion-Resistant Simulation (Knowledge) Sound NIZKs

In ASIACRYPT 2016, Bellare, Fuchsbauer, and Scafuro studied the security of non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) arguments in the face of parameter subversion. They showed that achieving subversion soundness (soundness without trusting to the third party) and standard zero-knowledge is impossible at the same time. On the positive side, in the best case, they showed that one can achieve subversion zero-knowledge (zero-knowledge without trusting to the third party) and soundness at the same time. In this paper, we show that one can amplify their best positive result and construct NIZK arguments that can achieve subversion zero-knowledge and $\textit{simulation}$ (knowledge) soundness at the same time. Simulation (knowledge) soundness is a stronger notion in comparison with (knowledge) soundness, as it also guarantees non-malleability of proofs. Such a stronger security guarantee is a must in practical systems. To prove the result, we show that given a NIZK argument that achieves Sub-ZK and (knowledge) soundness, one can use an OR-based construction to define a new language and build a NIZK argument that will guarantee Sub-ZK and $\textit{simulation}$ (knowledge) soundness at the same time. We instantiate the construction with the state-of-the-art zk-SNARK proposed by Groth [Eurocrypt 2016] and obtain an efficient SNARK that guarantees Sub-ZK and simulation knowledge soundness

Subversion-Resistant Commitment Schemes: Definitions and Constructions

A commitment scheme allows a committer to create a commitment to a secret value, and later may open and reveal the secret value in a verifiable manner. In the common reference string model, (equivocal) commitment schemes require a setup phase which is supposed to be done by a third trusted party. Recently, various news is reported about the subversion of $\textit{trusted}$ setup phase in mass-surveillance activities; strictly speaking about commitment schemes, recently it was discovered that the SwissPost-Scytl mix-net uses a trapdoor commitment scheme, that allows undetectably altering the votes and breaking users\u27 privacy, given the trapdoor [Hae19, LPT19]. Motivated by such news and recent studies on subversion-resistance of various cryptographic primitives, this research studies the security of commitment schemes in the presence of a maliciously chosen commitment key. To attain a clear understanding of achievable security, we define a variety of current definitions called subversion hiding, subversion equivocality, and subversion binding. Then we provide both negative and positive results on constructing subversion-resistant commitment schemes, by showing that some combinations of notions are not compatible while presenting subversion-resistant constructions that can achieve other combinations

Étude probabiliste du comportement d'un remblai sur sols mous

L’article présente les différentes phases de l'analyse probabiliste du tassement au cours du temps du remblai B du site expérimental de remblais sur sols compressibles de Cubzac-les-Ponts : distributions statistiques des propriétés physiques et mécaniques utilisées pour le calcul des amplitudes et vitesses de tassement ; calcul probabiliste de ces amplitudes et vitesses.Les auteurs comparent différentes méthodes d'analyse probabiliste entre elles et avec les mesures effectuées pendant les trois années suivant l'édification du remblai : méthode de Monte Carlo et méthode de Vanmarcke et Fuleihan pour l'amplitude du tassement final ; méthode de Monte Carlo et méthode de Chang et Soong pour la vitesse de consolidation

Infrastructure de la tour Odéon à Monaco : calcul 3D d’une fouille de très grande profondeur réalisée à flan de versant en milieu urbain

La tour Odéon, un IGH appelé à culminer à 180 m, se construit en territoire monégasque au sein d’un versant caractérisé par une forte pente orientée suivant la direction montagne-mer (amont-aval). L’insertion de l’ensemble de la tour dans le site nécessite la réalisation d’une fouille de très grande profondeur dans des terrains de caractéristiques moyennes à médiocres. La profondeur des excavations atteindra 72 m sur la partie amont, tandis que de nombreuses constructions situées en bordure et au voisinage de cette fouille doivent être maintenues intactes. Les contraintes topographiques, géologiques et urbanistiques du site, ainsi que les conditions de réalisation du projet, ont conduit à privilégier une solution de soutènement mobilisant un effet de voûte sub-horizontal dans les terrains et dans les parois en amont de la fouille. La quantification de cet apport bénéfique sur la stabilité et les déplacements induits n’a pu être estimée qu’en recourant à une modélisation tri-dimensionnelle par éléments finis volumiques. Les résultats du modèle en termes de déplacements et de plasticité des terrains permettent de mieux saisir le comportement 3D du système de soutènement

A case of polypoid intraoral nevus in buccal mucosa: A case report

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Mouth discoloration can be of internal or external origin. Melanotic nevus are the result of benign proliferation of melanocytes, the intraoral type of which is not as common as melanotic skin moles. In addition, they have the potential for malignant changes and can develop into oral melanoma. In this article, a case of Polypoid Intraoral Nevus is reported. CASE REPORT: In intraoral examination, a 21-year-old man who had referred to the Oral Diseases Department for dental scaling and examination showed a prominent black lesion with a smooth, 1�1 cm long lobular surface and a firm consolidation in the buccal mucosa. The lesion was asymptomatic and not sensitive to touch. Chronic stimulation was not reported on clinical examination and history, and the diascopy test was negative. Systemic disease and history of drug and tobacco use were not reported. The lesion was removed by excisional biopsy while maintaining a safe margin. The macroscopic specimen was a brownish-gray lesion with elastic consolidation and the microscopic appearance of benign proliferation of nevus cells and melanin production in the connective tissue was observed. The final diagnosis was an intra-mucosal lesion. The patient referred for regular six-month examinations for two years, during which no recurrence or similar symptoms were observed in the oral mucosa. CONCLUSION: In the present case, the histopathological result indicated a mucosal nevus after excisional biopsy. © 2020, Babol University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved