Superheavy dark matter in R+R2R+R^2 cosmology with conformal anomaly

Cosmological evolution and particle creation in $R^2$-modified gravity are considered for the case of the dominant decay of the scalaron into a pair of gauge bosons due to conformal anomaly. It is shown that in the process of thermalization superheavy dark matter with the coupling strength typical for the GUT SUSY can be created. Such dark matter would have the proper cosmological density if the particle mass is close to $10^{12}$ GeV.Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures. Some improvements have been done based on referee's commen

Anaerobic conversion of biomass upon disintegration in ultrasonic fields of low intensity

Disintegration is the destruction of the cell structure to release all its contents. This process facilitates bacteria access to nutrients and it results in a substrate decomposition rate increase. We can use thermal (the brief heating below one hundred degrees temperature at normal pressure or higher one hundred degrees temperature at enhanceable pressure) and chemical (enzymes and catalysts addition, which can positively influence the process speed), biochemical and physical-mechanical methods (the sonication). © 2014 WIT Press

On analytical solutions of f(R) modified gravity theories in FLRW cosmologies

A novel analytical method for f(R) modified theories without matter in Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker spacetimes is introduced. The equation of motion for the scale factor in terms of cosmic time is reduced to the equation for the evolution of the Ricci scalar R with the Hubble parameter H. The solution of equation of motion for actions of the form of power law in Ricci scalar R, is presented with a detailed elaboration of the action quadratic in R. The reverse use of the introduced method is exemplified in finding functional forms f(R) which lead to specified scale factor functions. The analytical solutions are corroborated by numerical calculations with excellent agreement. Possible further applications to the phases of inflationary expansion and late-time acceleration as well as f(R) theories with radiation are outlined.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures. v2: minor changes, references added. v3: minor changes, more references added. v4: version to appear in IJMPD. v5: DOI and journal reference adde

Exergetic analysis of the biogas plant based on waste livestock waste BGU-100

As a result of the exergy analysis of the BSU-100, the weakest, from the point of view of effectiveness, links were identified and ways of improving the process were suggested. The exergic efficiency is more revealing than the energy efficiency, since it takes into account both the properties of the system itself and the environment. When the BSU-100 operates under all favorable conditions, thermal efficiency reaches 0.91.В результате эксергетического анализа БГУ-100 были выявлены наиболее слабые, с точки зрения эффективности, звенья и предложены пути усовершенствования процесса. Эксергетический коэффициент полезного действия, более показателен, чем энергетический, так как учитывает, как свойства самой системы, так и окружающей среды. При работе БГУ-100 при всех благоприятных условиях тепловой коэффициент полезного действия может достигнуть 0,91

Study of the Parameters of Biogas Plants

The peculiarity of renewable sources is their replenishment. To ensure energy security and correctly use land resources, it is possible to use biogas plants, which are renewable sources. However, efficient use of these installations turns out to be a difficult task that requires a comprehensive assessment of the parameters of their operation. In the example under consideration, such parameters are: the choice of the power of the heating equipment of the installation and the determination of the temperature stability of operation in case of a violation of the technological process. One of the important results of the study is that the power for heating biomass in the mesophilic mode with continuous and periodic processes is selected according to the start-up mode, and for the thermophilic mode with the periodic process, the power for heating is determined by the start-up mode, and in the continuous process - by the steady-state mode. The study also provides a calculation of thermal stability for reactors of different volumes at different degrees of their filling with biomass, taking into account the operating temperatures of the biogas plant. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd

Inheritance of signs of «many-flowered» common wheat and evaluation of productivity of the spike of F2 hybrids

Parameters of spike productivity in plants varieties Novosibirskaya 67 (N67), Saratovskaya 29 (S29), Puza-4 and «many-flowered» line Skle 123-09 were assessed in two years with different weather conditions. It was shown that «many-flowered» line Skle 123-09 is significantly higher in the number of grains per spike and number of grains per spikelet than varieties N67, S29 and Puza-4, and that the expression of «many-flowering» depends on the environmental conditions and the genetic background. It was shown that the «many-flowering» is a genetic trait and is therefore workable. A study of hybrids F2 С29×Skle123-09, N67×Skle 123-09, P-4×Skle 123-09 isolated plants with fan-shaped cones and a high number of grains per spikelet as Skle 123-09 and having the best performance of other features as ear varieties recipients. The seeds of these plants will be used to secure «flowering». Two-factor analysis of variance showed that the number of grains per spike knotted depends on growing conditions, genotype and their interaction. Variability of grains per spikelet in drought-resistant varieties of S29 and Puza-4 is mainly dependent on the genotype and, to a lesser extent, on the «genotype×environment» interaction. In variety N67 created for West Siberia, only genotype is a factor. The weight of a grain per ear primarily is primarily affected by «genotype×environment» (almost 60 %), while the influence of «genotype×environmental» was half as strong. The variability of «masse of one grain» in F2 hybrids (S29, P-4×Skle123-09) is influenced by environmental factors, genotype and their interplay. Genotype accounts for the highest impact (> 70 %). F2 hybrids (N67×Skle 123-09) share the greatest variability in the «genotype×environment» interaction (77 %)

Exergetic balance of biogas plant BGU-100

The exergic efficiency of a biogas plant based on animal waste of BGU-100 is analyzed. It is established that only an energy analysis is not sufficient to determine the efficiency of an installation. As a result of the exergic analysis based on the thermodynamic function, taking into account both the properties of the system itself and the environment, ways of improving the work of the BSU have been revealed and an exergetic balance has been drawn up.В работе изложен эксергетический анализ работы биогазовой установки на основе отходов животноводства БГУ-100. Установлено, что для определения эффективности установки проведение только энергетического анализа не достаточно. В результате эксергетического анализа, основанного на термодинамической функции, учитывающей как свойства самой системы, так и окружающей среды, выявлены пути совершенствования работы БГУ и составлен эксергетичекий баланс

Neutrino spin rotation in dense matter and electromagnetic field

Exact solutions of the Dirac--Pauli equation for massive neutrino with anomalous magnetic moment interacting with dense matter and strong electromagnetic field are found. The complete system of neutrino wavefunctions, which show spin rotation properties are obtained and their possible applications are discussed.Comment: 11 pages, latex, misprints are correcte